Treating colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancer

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to methods of determining an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject based on expression levels of a TAK1 biomarker, such as one or more TAK1 biomarkers listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1 genes, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB. Kits useful for the methods are also provided.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/493,205, filed on Jun. 3, 2011, and 61/578,119, filed on Dec. 20, 2011. The entire contents of the foregoing are hereby incorporated by reference.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with Government support under Grant Numbers K99 CA149169, R01 CA109447, and R01 CA129933 awarded by National Institutes of Health. The Government has certain rights in the invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to methods of selecting an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject based on expression levels of a gene, such as the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) gene.

BACKGROUND

Signaling pathways that regulate embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis are misregulated during neoplastic transformation (Hanahan et al. (2011). Cell 144, 646-674). Interactions between BMP/TGF-β, Wnt, and FGF/Ras signaling pathways are critical for axis specification in embryos and, not surprisingly, components of these pathways are frequently mutated in human cancers. Disruption of normal TGF-β signaling has been attributed to many malignancies (Massague et al. (2000) Cell 103, 295-309). TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a common chemotherapeutic target in these cases, however, only a fraction of subjects with colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer will be responsive to therapies involving a TAK1 inhibitor. By mapping the signaling pathways between BMP/TGF-β, Wnt, and Ras into networks and by understanding the variability of pathway/network crosstalk based on lineage or context-specificity, novel methods can be developed to select an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject with cancer.

SUMMARY

The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery that levels of certain biomarkers are predictive of tumor response to therapy with TAK1 inhibitors. Therapies selected based on the test results have proven to yield substantially better outcome for cancer patients than the currently used random selection of treatments. The test comprises providing a sample to determine the level of one or more TAK1 biomarkers described herein, e.g., listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A. High levels of expression of these biomarkers were found to correlate with better treatment response with TAK1 inhibitors, and low levels of expression were found to correlate with worse treatment response with TAK1 inhibitors.

In one aspect, the invention features methods for selecting an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject, e.g., a human, with cancer. The method includes providing a sample from the subject; determining a level of expression of one or more TAK1 biomarkers described herein, e.g., listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A; and selecting a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of the TAK1 biomarker expression above, or at or above, a reference level, or selecting a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of TAK1 biomarker expression below a reference level. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB. In some embodiments, the method further includes administering the selected chemotherapy.

In some aspects, methods of treating a subject, e.g., a human, with cancer are provided, wherein the methods comprise providing a sample from the subject; determining a level of expression of one or more TAK1 biomarkers described herein, e.g., listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A; and selecting a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of TAK1 biomarker expression above, or at or above, a reference level, or selecting a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of TAK1 biomarker expression below a reference level. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB. In some embodiments, the method further includes administering the selected chemotherapy.

In yet another aspect, methods for predicting a subject's, e.g., a human's, response to a treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor are featured, the method comprising providing a sample from the subject; determining a level of expression of one or more TAK1 biomarkers described herein, e.g., listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A; and predicting the subject's response to the treatment based on the level of expression of the TAK1 biomarker in the sample, wherein if the level of expression of the TAK1 biomarker in the sample is above, or at or above, a reference level, then the subject is predicted to have a positive response to the treatment. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB. In some embodiments, the method further includes administering the treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor to a subject who is predicted to have a positive response to the treatment.

In one aspect, the invention features methods for determining an increased likelihood of pharmacological effectiveness of a treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor in a subject, e.g., a human, the method comprising providing a sample from the subject; and determining a level of expression of one or more TAK1 biomarkers described herein, e.g., listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A, wherein a level of expression of the TAK1 biomarker in the sample above, or at or above, a reference level, indicates an increased likelihood of pharmacological effectiveness of a treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor in the subject. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMRP1A, and INHBB. In some embodiments, the method further includes administering the treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor to a subject who has an increased likelihood of pharmacological effectiveness of a treatment comprising administration of a TAK1 inhibitor.

In some embodiments, the methods comprise determining a level of BMP7 expression in the sample; and selecting a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of BMP7 expression above, or at or above, a reference level, or selecting a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of BMP7 expression below a reference level.

In one embodiment, the methods further comprise administering the selected chemotherapy to the subject.

In some embodiments, the TAK1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(1-piperidin-1-ylethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide, and 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-{[(2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide.

In one embodiment, the subject has colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer. In some embodiments, the sample comprises tumorous tissue, serum, plasma, whole blood, or urine.

In some embodiments, the level of TAK1 biomarker expression is determined based on protein levels. In one embodiment, the level of TAK1 biomarker expression is determined based on mRNA levels.

In yet another aspect, kits for use in the methods described herein are presented, wherein the kits comprise a reagent for assaying a level of TAK1 biomarker expression in a sample from a subject, and an instruction sheet. In one embodiment, the kits also feature a reagent for processing the sample from the subject.

In some embodiments, the reagent for assaying the level of TAK1 biomarker expression comprises a premeasured portion of a reagent selected from the group selected from oligo-dT primers, forward primers that hybridize to the TAK1 biomarker cDNA, reverse primers that hybridize to the TAK1 biomarker cDNA, reverse transcriptases, DNA polymerases, buffers, and nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the reagent for assaying the level of TAK1 biomarker expression comprises a premeasured portion of an antibody that binds specifically to the TAK1 biomarker and buffers for performing a Western blot or immunohistochemistry assay.

As used herein, a “TAK1 biomarker” is a gene listed in Table 1. In some embodiments, the methods include the use of all of the genes listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A. In some embodiments, the biomarkers include one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB.

A cancer (e.g., an epithelial cancer such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer) is an example of a proliferative disorder. Cells characteristic of proliferative disorders (i.e., “neoplastic cells” or “tumor cells”) have the capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state or condition characterized by inappropriate proliferative growth of cell populations. A neoplastic cell or a tumor cell is a cell that proliferates at an abnormally high rate. A new growth comprising neoplastic cells is a neoplasm, also known as a “tumor.” A tumor is an abnormal tissue growth, generally forming a distinct mass that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal tissue. A tumor may show a partial or total lack of structural organization and functional coordination with normal tissue.

Proliferative disorders include all types of cancerous growths or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. The methods described herein are particularly relevant for the treatment of humans having an epithelial malignancy, such as a colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer (e.g., non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)).

A “subject” as described herein can be any subject having cancer. For example, the subject can be any mammal, such as a human, including a human cancer patient. Exemplary nonhuman mammals include a nonhuman primate (such as a monkey or ape), a mouse, rat, goat, cow, bull, pig, horse, sheep, wild boar, sea otter, cat, and dog.

A “TAK1 inhibitor” as used herein is an agent that reduces or prevents TAK1 activity. TAK1 inhibitors include 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(1-piperidin-1-ylethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide, and 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-{[(2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present invention; other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. Classification of KRAS mutant colon cancer cells into KRAS-independent and KRAS-dependent groups.

(A) Representative 6-day 96-well viability assays in 4 KRAS mutant colon cancer cell lines transduced with either control or 2 independent KRAS-directed lentiviral shRNAs (A and B), at 2 viral MOIs. Quantitation and transformation of relative cell density values yields the Ras Dependency Index depicted in FIG. 1B.

(B) Ras Dependency Index plot for a panel of 21 KRAS mutant colon cancer cell lines. Dashed line represents the “Dependency Threshold” of 2.0; cell lines with values below the line are KRAS-independent, and those above the line are KRAS-dependent. Data are presented as the mean of three independent experiments+/−SEM.

(C) KRAS protein depletion 4 days post-infection with KRAS-directed shRNAs and effects on apoptosis, as assessed by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, in a representative panel of KRAS-dependent versus-KRAS independent cell lines. Lanes 1, 2 and 3 are as in panel A. Data is representative of two independent experiments.

(D) Activating phosphorylations of the Erk (p-Erk1/2) and Akt (p-Akt) kinases, following KRAS depletion in SW837 KRAS-independent versus SW620 2 KRAS-dependent cells, 4 days post-infection with 3 different viral titres (MOIs of 1, 2 and 4) of shKRAS-B. Total protein levels (t-Erk1 and t-Akt) are shown as gel loading controls. Note: different exposure times were used for the individual panels. Data is representative of two independent experiments.

FIG. 2. Analysis of kinases from a “KRAS dependency signature” in colon cancer cell lines.

(A) Schematic representation of the methodology used to derive a colon cancer KRAS dependency gene expression data set. Gene expression microarray data for 4 indicated KRAS-independent versus KRAS-dependent cell lines were analyzed for significantly underexpressed (IND) or overexpressed (DEP) genes by student T-test analysis (two-tailed, homoscedastic) followed by selection of probe sets whose average expression was 2-fold higher or lower, yielding 687 IND genes and 832 DEP genes.

(B) Hierarchical clustering of gene expression for 47 DEP “druggable” protein, lipid or other ATP-dependent kinase genes or kinase regulatory genes. Heat map shows log 2 median-centered intensity values and similarly expressed genes are clustered using Euclidean distance as a similarity metric. MAP3K7 (encoding TAK1) is highlighted with an asterisk.

(C) Protein expression levels of indicated kinases in a panel of KRAS-independent and KRAS-dependent cell lines. GAPDH serves as a loading control.

(D) Depletion of DEP kinase genes in SW620 versus SW837 cells. Each section of the bar represents an individual shRNA sequence per gene. Fold growth inhibition per shRNA per kinase was computed by dividing the relative cell density of SW837 by that of SW620 cells and using a weighted average to account for viral titre. The plot shows cumulative log 2 fold growth inhibition for each shRNA per kinase; i.e., a value of 1 on the plot indicates a 2-fold greater growth inhibitory effect for a given shRNA in SW620 compared to SW837 cells. The log 2 fold growth inhibition for each individual shRNA was then cumulated for each kinase gene. Data are represented as the mean value corresponding to each shRNA from three independent experiments.

(E) Knockdown of TAK1 with increasing viral titres of shTAK1-D encoding lentiviruses (MOI) and associated apoptotic effects assessed by PARP cleavage. GAPDH serves as a loading control. Data are representative of two independent experiments.

See also FIGS. 8A-F and Table 3.

FIG. 3. Validation of MAP3K7/TAK1 as a pro-survival mediator in KRAS-dependent colon cancers.

(A) IC50 values (μM) for effects on cellular proliferation and viability with the TAK1 kinase inhibitor 5z-7-oxozeaenol in a panel of colon cancer cell lines that have been genotyped as KRAS mutant (KRAS-independent—circles or KRAS-dependent—squares), BRAF mutant (triangles) or wild-type for both KRAS and BRAF (OTHER—diamonds). Effects on growth were measured 3 days post-treatment. Data are represented as the mean of 3 independent experiments and error bars indicate the median±interquartile range. *denotes p<0.00001; n.s.—not significant.

(B) Effects of TAK1 inhibition on apoptosis and signaling in a representative panel of KRAS-independent and KRAS-dependent cell lines, 24 h after treatment. PARP and caspase-3 cleavage are shown as indicators of apoptosis, and AMPK threonine 172 (T172) phosphorylation is shown as a downstream indicator of TAK1 signaling activity. GAPDH serves as a gel loading control.

(C) TAK1 inhibition in mice with xenografted human tumors derived from the HCT8/SW837 (KRAS-independent) and SK-CO-1/SW620 (KRAS-dependent) cell lines. Cells expressing firefly luciferase were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice. Tumors are shown as imaged by IVIS detection of luminescence counts (in photons/sec) following 14 days of tumor growth followed by 6 days of treatment with either 15 mg/kg 5z-7-oxozeaenol or vehicle (5% DMSO in arachis oil), IP delivery q.d. Quantitation of tumor volume (mm³) is plotted on the right. Tumor volume data are represented as the mean of 4 tumors in 2 mice for each group+/−SEM.

See also FIGS. 9A-B and Table 2.

FIG. 4. Associations between the KRAS dependency gene set, TAK1 dependence and KRAS-driven canonical Wnt signaling in colon cancer patients.

(A) Heat map representation of gene expression most correlated with TAK1 dependence from the KRAS dependency gene set across a panel of colon cancer cell lines of various genotypes. Cell lines are ordered by IC50 values for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, leftmost being the highest and rightmost being the lowest. Clustering of genes was performed with Euclidean distance as a similarity metric. Values are presented as log 2 median-centered intensities. Genes highlighted in bold text are putative or bona fide TCF4 target genes.

(B) Basal normalized TCF4 luciferase reporter activity (TOP-FLASH) in photons/sec in a panel of KRAS-independent and KRAS-dependent colon cancer cell lines. Data are represented as the means of 3 independent experiments+/−SEM.

(C) Average expression of non-TCF4 or TCF4 target genes depicted in FIG. 4A in colon cancer patients genotyped as either APC mutation/KRAS-wild-type (circles) or APC mutation plus KRAS mutation (squares). P-values represent a comparison of mean expression scores of genes for each class.

See also FIGS. 10A-E.

FIG. 5. KRAS and TAK1 regulate β-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity in KRAS-dependent cancer cells.

(A) TOP-FLASH luciferase reporter activity as a function of lentiviral shRNA-mediated KRAS depletion at increasing MOIs in LS174T/SW1463 (KRAS-independent) versus SW620/SK-CO-1 (KRAS-dependent) cells. Cell lines were transduced to stably express luciferase under the control of TCF4 response elements. Right panel shows a representative example of raw reporter intensity measurements using the IVIS imaging system. Reporter activity is plotted relative to shGFP (vector) expressing cells. Data are represented as the mean of triplicate experiments+/−SEM.

(B) TOP-FLASH activity in KRAS-independent and KRAS-dependent cell lines following TAK1 inhibition with indicated concentrations (μM). Data are represented as means of triplicate experiments±SEM.

(C) Protein expression levels of the Wnt target gene Axin 2 following treatment of cells with the indicated concentrations. GAPDH serves as a loading control.

(D) Forced overexpression of epitope-tagged oncogenic G12V mutated RAS protein isoforms in HT29 cells and sensitivity to TAK1 pharmacological inhibition with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. Expression levels of exogenous and endogenous Ras proteins are shown by immunoblotting with a pan-ras monoclonal antibody. NRAS/KRAS4B are HA-tagged and KRAS4A is V5-tagged.

(E) Overexpression of mutant KRAS(12V) followed by TAK1 inhibition in HT29 cells and effects on TOP-FLASH reporter activity. Data are presented as the means of three independent experiments+/−SEM.

(F) Overexpression of KRAS(12V) in HT29 cells and effects on TAK1 and Erk phosphorylation (p-TAK1/p-Erk) as well as Axin 2 levels. Total TAK1 and Erk1 serve as loading controls.

See also FIGS. 11A-G.

FIG. 6. Oncogenic KRAS regulates a BMP-7/BMPR1A/TAK1 signaling axis.

(A) Depletion of KRAS in two KRAS-independent (LS-174T and SW837) and two KRAS-dependent cell lines (SW620 and SK-CO-1) and subsequent effects on expression of BMP-7 as well as downstream effects on Smad1/TAK1 phosphorylation (p-Smad1/p-TAK1). The 20 kD secreted form of BMP7 is shown. Phospho-TAK1 represents the TAK1 autophosphorylation site and is a measure of TAK1 activity. Total Smad1/5/8 and total TAK1 (t-Smad1/5/8/t-TAK1) proteins are shown as gel loading controls. Data are representative of two independent experiments.

(B) Effects of BMP7 depletion on proliferation and viability of SW620 KRAS-dependent cells. Plot shows cell density 6 days post-infection with either shGFP control or 5 different BMP7-directed lentiviral shRNAs. Data are represented as the mean of three independent experiments±SEM. Western blots on the right panel show BMP-7 levels and subsequent apoptotic effects as measured by PARP and Caspase3 cleavage following BMP-7 depletion with two independent lentiviral shRNAs (D and E).

(C) Effects on BMP7 transcript levels following induced activation of ER-KRAS(12V) fusion protein with various doses of 4-HT in HT29 cells. Right panel shows levels of total and secreted BMP-7 following ER-KRAS(12V) induction with 4-HT. Levels of Axin 2 and phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk1/2) are also shown following ER-KRAS(12V). Total Erk (t-Erk1) serves as a loading control.

(D) TOP-FLASH reporter following 4-HT induced activation of ER-KRAS(12V) and depletion of the indicated genes via lentiviral shRNA delivery at various viral titres. Relative reporter activity is shown compared to shGFP control.

(E) Introduction of a V5-tagged constitutively activated (CA) mutant of the BMP receptor, BMPR1A (Q233D) or control vector in HT29 cells and effects on 5Z-7-oxozeaenol sensitivity in terms of IC50 values.

(F) Signaling and apoptotic effects of TAK1 inhibition using 5Z-7-oxozeaenol at the indicated concentrations 24 h post-treatment in BMPR1A-CA expressing cells. Caspase3 and PARP cleavage are indicators of apoptotic cell death. Axin 2 levels are shown as a readout of Wnt signaling. Phosphorylated smad1/5/8 levels serve as a readout of BMP signaling. GAPDH serves as a gel loading control. BMPR1A-CA expression is visualized using a monoclonal V5 antibody.

See also FIGS. 12A-B.

FIG. 7. A model for context specific KRAS dependency in colon cancers.

In KRAS-independent colon cancers, APC loss of function results in hyperactivation of canonical Wnt signaling through stabilization of β-catenin in cooperation with upstream Wnt activators. TAK1 can be a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling in these cells. In KRAS-dependent cells mutant KRAS upregulates BMP-7 expression/secretion, activating the BMP receptor resulting in TAK1 activation. KRAS and TAK1 in these cells are activators of Wnt signaling by promoting β-catenin nuclear localization, which is stabilized by virtue of APC loss of function mutations. KRAS-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling could also be facilitated by NF-κB activation. Dashed lines represent unknown molecular interactions.

FIG. 8. Computational analyses of KRAS dependency in CRC cell lines.

(A) Heatmap representation of hierarchical clustering analysis of median-centered log 2 transformed probe intensities for the KRAS Dependency Gene Set across a panel of 40 CRC cell lines of various genotypes.

(B) Panther Molecular Function classifications for DEP genes, using the DAVID gene ontology algorithm.

(C) KEGG pathway enrichment in the DEP genes from the KRAS Dependency Gene Set using the DAVID algorithm.

(D) Viral titration curve for SW837 and SW620 cells. Cells were infected with lentiviruses encoding control shGFP and treated with puromycin to select for infected cells, 24 h post-infection. Relative cell density was quantitated 6 days post-infection. Data are presented as the mean of three experiments+/−SEM.

(E) Representative examples of kinase knockdown assays. Scans of cells fixed and stained with syto-60 dye in 96-well plates following knockdown of indicated kinases with 5 different shRNAs per gene (shA through shE). shGFP is shown as a control.

(F) Quantitation of well intensities for the scans shown in FIG. 8E. Representative examples of effects on growth and viability following shRNA knockdown of kinase expression for MAP3K7, VRK2 and CHUK in SW837 and SW620 cells. Five individual shRNAs were used (shA through shE), represented by different colors. Relative cell densities are shown, normalized to shGFP control expressing cells for 3 different viral titers (MOIs of 4, 2 and 1). Data are represented as the mean of triplicates+/−SEM.

FIG. 9. Pharmacological profiling of TAK1 inhibitor sensitivity in colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines.

(A) 5Z-7-oxozeaenol IC50 values for colorectal cancer cell lines of various genotypes as well as 2 “normal” epithelial cell lines, MCF10A and MDCK (light gray bars). Data are represented as the mean of 3 independent experiments+/−SEM.

(B) 5Z-7-oxozeaenol IC50 values for KRAS mutant PDAC and NSCLC cell lines.

FIG. 10. K-means clustering and CRC patient clustering analyses of the KRAS dependency gene set.

(A) K-means clustering (k=3) of CRC cell lines. Node averages are depicted in the heat map, representing median-centered values.

(B) Correlations between 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol IC50 values (μM) and Expression Scores for Nodes 0 and 8 from the K-means clustering analysis.

(C) Comparison of average expression scores for Nodes 0 and 8 genes for CRC patients genotyped for APC and KRAS mutations.

(D) Comparison of expression of two Wnt target genes MYC and TCF7 in CRC patients.

(E) Correlation between TAK1 dependency gene expression and the RDI values for a panel of 12 KRAS mutant CRC cell lines.

FIG. 11. Regulation of canonical Wnt signaling by KRAS and TAK1.

(A) Imaging of raw luciferase activity showing TOP-FLASH reporter activity in SKCO1 cells following KRAS depletion.

(B) Raw well scans showing cell growth following treatment of HT29 cells expressing oncogenic mutants of the indicated Ras proteins at various doses of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.

(C) Imaging of TOP-FLASH activity of C2BBel cells expressing mutant KRAS (G12V) at two different viral titers (MOI-1 and MOI-5) and treated with various concentrations of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.

(D) Imaging and quantitation of TOP-FLASH activity of C2BBel and HT29 cells expressing mutant KRAS (G12V) at varying viral titers and pre-treated with the indicated concentrations of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.

(E) TOP-FLASH reporter activity in KRAS mutant PDAC cell lines following inhibition of GSK-3 kinase with increasing concentrations of the small molecule inhibitor BIO. PANC-1 are KRAS-independent cells and YAPC are KRAS-dependent cells. Luminescence counts (photons/sec) are plotted on the y-axis. Data are representative of three independent experiments+/−SEM.

(F) TOP-FLASH reporter dose-response relationships in PANC-1 and YAPC cells following combined treatment with GSK-3 and TAK1 inhibitors (BIO and 5Z-7-Oxozeaenok respectively). Luminescence counts (photons/sec) are plotted on the y-axis. Data are represented as the means of triplicates+/−SEM.

(G) Effects of combined GSK-3 and TAK1 inhibition on proliferation and viability of PANC-1 and YAPC cells. Relative cell density following 3 days of combination treatment is shown. Data are represented as the means of three independent experiments+/−SEM.

FIG. 12. Effects of BMP7 depletion on SW837 cells.

(A) Effects on proliferation and viability of SW837 cells following depletion of BMP7 with five individual shRNAs. Data are plotted relative shGFP control expressing cells. Data are represented as the mean of 3 independent experiments+/−SEM.

(B) Effects of BMP7 disruption on PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, 4 days post-infection with shRNA expressing lentiviruses. GAPDH serves as a loading control.

FIG. 13. Relationships between β-catenin/BMPR1A/NF-κB activity and KRAS/TAK1 dependency.

(A) Introduction of constitutively-active β-catenin (CTNNB1-CA) to SW620 cells and related effects on KRAS dependency as measured by the RDI. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments+/−SEM.

(B) Effects of KRAS depletion by lentiviral shRNA delivery on apoptosis as measured by caspase 3 and PARP cleavage in vector control or CTNNB1-CA expressing SW620 cells. Total β-catenin expression levels and effects on the Wnt target Axin2 are also shown. GAPDH is shown as a gel loading control. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments.

(C) Effects of CTNNB1-CA expression on TAK1 dependency as assessed by IC50 values for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in SW620 cells.

(D) Effects of constitutively-active BMP receptor (BMPR1A-CA) on KRAS dependency in SW620 and SKCO1 cells, as measured by the RDI. Panel on the right shows V5 expression of V5-epitope tagged BMPR1A in HT29 cells compared to SW620 cells.

(E) Effects of TAK1 inhibition with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol on NF-κB luciferase reporter activity in SW620/SKCO1 KRAS-dependent cells (left panels) or in HT29 cells−/+activated KRAS (induced activation with 4HT).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

By analyzing the KRAS-dependent subset of KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells, a pathway by which KRAS enhances Wnt activity through BMP/TAK1 activation has been uncovered. Approximately half of colon cancer cell lines with both KRAS and APC mutations appear to rely on this pathway for viability, rendering them sensitive to TAK1 kinase inhibition. As such, TAK1 inhibition provides a clinical paradigm for context-dependent targeting of KRAS-dependent colon cancers. The present data suggest that TAK1 functions as a pro-survival mediator in cancer cells displaying hyperactive KRAS-dependent Wnt signaling. This is seen under basal conditions in colon cancers with the relevant genotypes or can be synthetically achieved by activating Wnt signaling via GSK3 kinase inhibition in KRAS-dependent/APC-wild-type pancreatic cancer cells and by enforced expression of mutant KRAS in APC mutant/KRAS wild-type colon cancer cells. The ability to reconstitute such pathway dependency is unusual in “oncogene addiction” models, and facilitates molecular dissection of the critical signaling components that drive drug susceptibility. An underlying basis for this may be explained by the emerging concept of “non-oncogene addiction,” describing the acquired dependence of cells on non-mutated genes that do not themselves drive malignant progression, but whose function is essential for a cell to tolerate other oncogenic stress-induced states (Luo et al., 2009b). While TAK1 dependency may not be restricted to colon cancer, the elevated Wnt signaling activity in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells highlights the importance of cellular context and the role of lineage-specific pathways in informing an effective therapeutic strategy.

Through a combination of knockdown and reconstitution experiments, some of the key signaling components linking mutant KRAS to TAK1 and Wnt activation have been described (FIGS. 13A-E and 7). A strong relationship between Wnt and KRAS signaling is underscored by the observation that constitutive activation of Wnt signaling causes loss of KRAS dependency in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells. The data indicate that KRAS regulates TAK1 and Wnt signaling in APC-deficient cells via upregulation of BMP-7 levels and BMP receptor activation. However, although BMP receptor activation is necessary for KRAS-driven survival signaling, it is not sufficient. Thus, a network of KRAS-regulated signaling components is likely to contribute to tumor cell survival. For instance, KRAS regulates NF-κB in part via TAK1 activation (FIGS. 13E and 7). The relative contribution of the NF-κB pathway to KRAS-driven survival signaling remains to be determined, although evidence suggests that the pathway is critical for KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis (Meylan et al., 2009; Starczynowski et al., 2011). Additional parallel pathways are likely to be components of the KRAS-TAK1 survival signaling axis, although the present data suggest that Wnt pathway activation is most critical.

The studies described herein highlight a context-specific role for KRAS in driving Wnt signaling in the sensitized background of APC deficiency. This is consistent with recent studies reporting KRAS-mediated enhancement of Wnt signaling in a zebrafish developmental model (Phelps et al., 2009). Indeed, in APC-deficient colon cancers with low β-catenin activity, introduction of mutant KRAS causes a sharp increase in levels of nuclear β-catenin, accompanied by increased TCF/LEF transcriptional activity. This effect partly involves KRAS-mediated up-regulation of BMP signaling and subsequent TAK1 activation, leading to enhanced TCF/LEF activity. Interestingly, the C. elegans TAK1 ortholog Mom-4 promotes nuclear retention of the β-catenin ortholog Wrm-1 asymmetrically at the 2-cell stage within the EMS cell thus defining polarity and axis specification (Nakamura et al., 2005; Shin et al., 1999). Such a context-specific TAK1/β-catenin interaction points to a remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation.

From a clinical perspective, the role of secreted BMP-7 is of particular interest since autocrine or paracrine activation of this pathway could be detectable and targetable in tumors. Importantly, expression of BMP pathway components should help to stratify colon cancer patients into TAK1 inhibitor response groups. Thus, some or all of the top 10 genes from an in vitro derived TAK1 dependency signature (e.g., GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1), and optionally BMPR1A and/or INHBB, provide a clinically annotated signature for selecting patients for treatment with TAK1 inhibitors. This can be applied as a clinical diagnostic test to measure the relative mRNA levels corresponding to the ten-gene TAK1 dependency signature in patient tumors. As many as half of all KRAS mutant colon cancer cell lines are KRAS-dependent and sensitive to TAK1 inhibition, which may account for as many as a quarter of all colon cancers. As such, when guided by accurate molecular profiles, TAK1 inhibitors are expected to provide significant clinical benefit for the most recalcitrant form of colon cancer. Beyond tool compounds such as 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, synthetic TAK1 inhibitors have been tested in preclinical models (Melisi et al., 2011). However, given potential toxicity, administration regimens will need to be modeled using highly TAK1-dependent cancers. Finally, the present study illustrates that the presence of a KRAS mutation does not identify a homogenously drug-resistant tumor type, even within a specific histological type. Instead, degrees of KRAS dependency in different cancers are modulated by associated signaling pathways such as the Wnt pathway in colon cancers. This adds complexity to their analysis but is ultimately expected to inform unique therapeutic opportunities.

Methods of Selecting an Appropriate Chemotherapy

The methods featured in the invention can be used to select an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject with cancer, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer, and to treat a subject with cancer. Methods to predict response to TAK1 inhibitors based on one or more TAK1 biomarkers are presented (e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1; e.g., the genes shown in bold font in Table 1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A). In some embodiments, one or more additional markers from Table 1 are used; in some embodiments, all 21 markers shown in Table 1 are used.

Analysis provided evidence of an association of many of the disclosed biomarkers and sensitivity to TAK1 inhibitors. BMP7 induces cartilage and bone formation and plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis, which are important in the pathogenesis of cancer. BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the TGF-β family, whose members play important roles in signal transduction in many developmental and pathological processes. The encoded protein however is a pseudoreceptor, lacking an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain required for signaling. The Inhibin, beta B (INHBB) subunit joins the alpha subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation negatively and to have tumor-suppressor activity.

TABLE 1 Biomarkers of TAK1 Inhibitor Sensitivity GenBank Accession No. NCBI Human Gene Human Nucleic Human Amino Gene Name Acid Acid SLC2A1 solute carrier family 2 NM_006516.2 NP_006507.2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 GAD1 glutamate decarboxylase 1 NM_008077.4 NP_032103.2 (brain, 67 kDa) MSX2 msh homeobox 2 NP_002440.2 NP_002440.2 PELI2 pellino homolog 2 NP_067078.1 NP_067078.1 (Drosophila) ITGB4 integrin, beta 4 isoform 1 NM_000213.3 NP_000204.3 precursor integrin beta-4 isoform 2 NM_001005619.1 NP_001005619.1 precursor integrin beta-4 isoform 3 NM_001005731.1 NP_001005731.1 precursor C21orf96 RUNX1 intronic NR_026812.1 N/A transcript 1 (non-protein coding) GPR56 G-protein coupled NM_001145770.1 NP_001139242.1 receptor 56 isoform b precursor (var 5) G-protein coupled NM_001145771.1 NP_001139243.1 receptor 56 isoform a precursor (var 4) G-protein coupled NM_001145772.1 NP_001139244.1 receptor 56 isoform b precursor (var 6) G-protein coupled NM_001145773.1 NP_001139245.1 receptor 56 isoform c precursor (var 8) G-protein coupled NM_001145774.1 NP_001139246.1 receptor 56 isoform b precursor (var 7) G-protein coupled NM_005682.5 NP_005673.3 receptor 56 isoform a precursor (var 1) G-protein coupled NM_201524.2 NP_958932.1 receptor 56 isoform b precursor (var 2) G-protein coupled NM_201525.2 NP_958933.1 receptor 56 isoform b precursor (var 3) PDK3 pyruvate dehydrogenase NM_001142386.2 NP_001135858.1 kinase, isozyme 3 isoform 1 pyruvate dehydrogenase NM_005391.4 NP_005382.1 kinase, isozyme 3 isoform 2 GLS glutaminase NM_014905.3 NP_055720.3 ACSL1 acyl-CoA synthetase NM_001995.2 NP_001986.2 long-chain family member 1 BIK BCL2-interacting killer NM_001197.4 NP_001188.1 (apoptosis-inducing) INHBB inhibin, beta B NM_002193.2 NP_002184.2 BMPR1A bone morphogenetic NM_004329.2 NP_004320.2 protein receptor, type IA RUNX1 runt-related transcription NM_001122607.1 NP_001116079.1 factor 1 isoform AML1a runt-related transcription NM_001001890.2 NP_001001890.1 factor 1 isoform AML1b runt-related transcription NM_001754.4 NP_001745.2 factor 1 isoform AML1c SYK tyrosine-protein kinase NM_003177.5 NP_003168.2 SYK isoform 1 (var 1) tyrosine-protein kinase NM_001174168.1 NP_001167639.1 SYK isoform 2 (var 4) tyrosine-protein kinase NM_001174167.1 NP_001167638.1 SYK isoform 1 (var 3) tyrosine-protein kinase NM_001135052.2 NP_001128524.1 SYK isoform 2 (var 2) RGL1 ral guanine nucleotide NM_015149.3 NP_055964.3 dissociation stimulator- like 1 NAV2 neuron navigator 2 NM_182964.5 NP_892009.3 isoform 1 neuron navigator 2 NM_145117.4 NP_660093.2 isoform 2 neuron navigator 2 NM_001244963.1 NP_001231892.1 isoform 5 neuron navigator 2 NM_001111018.1 NP_001104488.1 isoform 3 FYN oncogene related to SRC, NM_002037.5 NP_002028.1 FGR, YES - tyrosine- protein kinase Fyn isoform a tyrosine-protein kinase NM_153047.3 NP_694592.1 Fyn isoform b tyrosine-protein kinase NM_153048.3 NP_694593.1 Fyn isoform c HSPA12A heat shock 70 kDa protein NM_025015.2 NP_079291.2 12A MBOAT2 membrane bound O- NM_138799.2 NP_620154.2 acyltransferase domain containing 2 BAMBI BMP and activin NM_012342.2 NP_036474.1 membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis) BMP7 bone morphogenetic NM_001719.2 NP_001710.1 protein 7 GGH gamma-glutamyl NM_003878.2 NP_003869.1 hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase)

Methods of selecting an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject with cancer include providing or obtaining a sample from a patient, and determining a level of expression of a TAK1 biomarker in the patient. Any method can be used to obtain a sample, such as a biopsy (e.g., core needle biopsy), and the tissue can be embedded in OCT® (Optimal Tissue Cutting compound) for processing. For example, the tissue in OCT® can be processed as frozen sections. Tumor cells can be collected, such as by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and gene expression or protein levels can be assayed using methods known in the art or described herein. In one exemplary approach, the level of BMP7 expression is assayed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The level of expression of this gene can also be determined by immunohistochemistry.

If the levels of the TAK1 biomarker are at or above a reference level, it can be determined that a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor, such as 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(1-piperidin-1-ylethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide, or 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-{[(2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide, is appropriate. If levels of BMP7 are below a reference level, it can be determined that a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor is appropriate.

“Low” and “high” expression levels are relative values and are based on a comparison with those of a reference. In one embodiment, a reference level of expression is the expression level of a TAK1 biomarker in a sample cancer population from which TAK1 biomarker expression data is collected. The expression level in a reference can be determined by measuring gene expression levels in the sample population. In some embodiments, a tumor exhibits “low” TAK1 biomarker levels if the expression level less than the median TAK1 biomarker expression level in the reference, and the tumor exhibits “high” TAK1 biomarker levels if the expression level is above, or at or above, the median TAK1 biomarker expression level in the reference. Similarly, a tumor exhibits “low” TAK1 biomarker levels if the expression levels of these genes are less than the median TAK1 biomarker expression levels of a respective reference. The tumor exhibits “high” TAK1 biomarker levels if the expression levels are above, or at or above, the median TAK1 biomarker expression levels of a respective reference. “Low” and “high” expression levels are relative and can be established with each new reference group. In one alternative, the expression level determined to be predictive of a subject's response to a chemotherapy can be equal to or greater than the expression level of the highest third, or highest quartile of a reference, or the predictive expression level can be determined to be a level lower than the expression level of the lowest third, or lowest quartile of a reference.

The samples from a reference can be taken from subjects of the same species (e.g., human subjects), and the tumors of a reference are preferably of the same type (e.g., colorectal tumors). In some embodiments, the tumors of a reference can all be, for example, from a colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer. The individual members of a reference may also share other similarities, such as similarities in stage of disease, previous treatment regimens, lifestyle (e.g., smokers or nonsmokers, overweight or underweight), or other demographics (e.g., age, genetic disposition). For example, besides having the same type of tumor, patients in a reference may not have received any previous chemotherapy. A reference should include gene expression analysis data from tumor samples from at least 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, or 200 subjects. In some embodiments, the reference is taken from non-tumorous tissue of the subject, e.g., normal tissues, preferably of the same tissue type (e.g., normal colorectal, pancreatic, or lung tissue).

Gene expression levels in a reference can be determined by any method known in the art. Expression levels in a tumor sample from a test subject are determined in the same manner as expression levels in the reference. For example, the level of a TAK1 biomarker mRNA (transcript) can be evaluated using methods known in the art, e.g., Northern blot, RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH), RNA expression assays, e.g., microarray analysis, RT-PCR, deep sequencing, cloning, Northern blot, branched DNA assays, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Analytical techniques to determine RNA expression are known. See, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001).

In some embodiments, the level of TAK1 biomarker protein is detected. The presence and/or level of a protein can be evaluated using methods known in the art, e.g., using quantitative immunoassay methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), immunoprecipitations, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), diagnostic magnetic resonance, and Western blot analysis.

In some embodiments, high throughput methods, e.g., protein or gene chips as are known in the art (see, e.g., Ch. 12, “Genomics,” in Griffiths et al., Eds. Modern Genetic Analysis, 1999, W. H. Freeman and Company; Ekins and Chu, Trends in Biotechnology, 1999; 17:217-218; MacBeath and Schreiber, Science 2000, 289(5485):1760-1763; Simpson, Proteins and Proteomics: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2002; Hardiman, Microarrays Methods and Applications: Nuts & Bolts, DNA Press, 2003), can be used to detect the presence and/or level of a TAK1 biomarker.

In some embodiments, the methods include using a branched-chain DNA assay to directly detect and evaluate the level of one or more TAK1 biomarker mRNA in the sample (see, e.g., Luo et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,803,541; Canales et al., Nature Biotechnology 24(9):1115-1122 (2006).

In some embodiments, the methods include analysis of the DNA with nanostring technology. NanoString technology enables identification and quantification of individual target molecules in a biological sample by attaching a color coded fluorescent reporter to each target molecule. This approach is similar to the concept of measuring inventory by scanning barcodes. Reporters can be made with different codes for each of the TAK1 biomarkers to be quantified or detected, allowing for highly multiplexed analysis (Geiss et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 26:317-25 (2008).

The tumor can be sampled for expression levels of TAK1 biomarker, and an appropriate chemotherapy can be selected based on the observed expression levels. The chemotherapy can include a single agent or multiple chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., two, three, or more chemotherapeutic agents). For example, when expression levels of BMP7 are determined to be high compared to a reference, an appropriate chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor can be selected. When expression levels of BMP7 are determined to be low compared to a reference, an appropriate chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor can be selected.

In another example, if expression levels of a TAK1 biomarker are determined to be high compared to a reference, an appropriate chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor can be selected. Alternatively, an appropriate chemotherapy can be determined to exclude a TAK1 inhibitor when expression levels of a TAK1 biomarker are determined to be low as compared to a reference.

A subject who is administered a chemotherapy according to TAK1 biomarker expression levels can further be administered a radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or surgery.

Chemotherapy can be administered to a subject using conventional dosing regimens. The appropriate dosage will depend on the particular chemotherapeutic agents determined to be appropriate for the subject based on TAK1 biomarker expression levels as described herein.

Chemotherapy can be administered by standard methods, including orally, such as in the form of a pill, intravenously, by injection into a body cavity (such as the bladder), intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or intrathecally. A chemotherapy regimen can be delivered as a continuous regimen, e.g., intravenously, orally, or in a body cavity. A chemotherapy regimen can be delivered in a cycle including the day or days the drug is administered followed by a rest and recovery period. The recovery period can last for one, two, three, or four weeks or more, and then the cycle can be repeated. A course of chemotherapy can include at least two to 12 cycles (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, ten or twelve cycles).

Gene expression data obtained from the methods featured herein can be combined with information from a patient's medical records, including demographic data; vital status; education; history of alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse; medical history; and documented treatment to adjust conclusions relating to the prognosis of a proliferative disorder following administration of a chemotherapy designed as described above.

Upon administration of a chemotherapy according to the TAK1 biomarker expression levels, a patient can be monitored for a response to the therapy. For example, expression levels can be taken before and after administration of the chemotherapy to monitor disease progression. If expression levels decreases, the disease can be determined to be in remission, or regressing towards remission. A partial decrease in expression levels can indicate a disease in partial remission, and if the tumor completely disappears, the disease can be said to be in complete remission. If expression levels increases, the disease can be determined to be progressing. If expression levels does not change following administration of the chemotherapy, the disease can be categorized as stable.

A subject can also be assessed according to his physical condition, with attention to factors such as weight loss, pleural effusion, and other symptoms related to the cancer. For example, symptoms of lung cancer, including small-cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma include persistent cough, sputum streaked with blood, chest pain, and recurring pneumonia or bronchitis.

The methods described herein can be performed on any mammalian subject of any age, including a fetus (e.g., in utero), infant, toddler, adolescent, adult, or elderly human.

Kits

Reagents, tools, and/or instructions for performing the methods described herein can be provided in a kit. For example, the kit can contain reagents, tools, and instructions for determining an appropriate therapy for a cancer patient. Such a kit can include reagents for collecting a tissue sample from a patient, such as by biopsy, and reagents for processing the tissue. The kit can also include one or more reagents for performing a gene expression analysis, such as reagents for performing RT-PCR, Northern blot, Western blot analysis, or immunohistochemistry to determine TAK1 biomarker (i.e., one or more biomarkers listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof, e.g., a set of biomarkers consisting of or comprising GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A) expression levels in a tumor sample of a human. For example, primers for performing RT-PCR, probes for performing Northern blot analyses, and/or antibodies for performing Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses can be included in such kits. Appropriate buffers for the assays can also be included. Detection reagents required for any of these assays can also be included.

The kits featured herein can also include an instruction sheet describing how to perform the assays for measuring TAK1 biomarker gene expression. The instruction sheet can also include instructions for how to determine a reference, including how to determine TAK1 biomarker expression levels in the reference and how to assemble the expression data to establish a reference for comparison to a test subject. The instruction sheet can also include instructions for assaying gene expression in a test subject and for comparing the expression level with the expression in the reference to subsequently determine the appropriate chemotherapy for the test patient. Methods for determining the appropriate chemotherapy are described above and can be described in detail in the instruction sheet.

Informational material included in the kits can be descriptive, instructional, marketing or other material that relates to the methods described herein and/or the use of the reagents for the methods described herein. For example, the informational material of the kit can contain contact information, e.g., a physical address, electronic mail address, website, or telephone number, where a user of the kit can obtain substantive information about performing a gene expression analysis and interpreting the results, particularly as they apply to a human's likelihood of having a positive response to a specific chemotherapy.

A kit can contain separate containers, dividers or compartments for the reagents and informational material. A container can be labeled for use for the determination of TAK1 biomarker gene expression levels and the subsequent determination of an appropriate chemotherapy for the human.

The informational material of the kits is not limited in its form. In many cases, the informational material, e.g., instructions, is provided in printed matter, e.g., a printed text, drawing, and/or photograph, e.g., a label or printed sheet. However, the informational material can also be provided in other formats, such as Braille, computer readable material, video recording, or audio recording. Of course, the informational material can also be provided in any combination of formats.

EXAMPLES

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as further limiting.

Example 1 Identification of KRAS-Dependent Colon Cancer Cell Lines

A lentiviral-based shRNA assay was used to quantitate KRAS dependency (Singh et al., 2009) in 21 KRAS-mutant colon cancer cell lines, measuring cell viability at 6 days post-infection. Briefly, 293T cells were seeded (3 ml at density of 2×10⁵ cells per ml) in duplicate wells of a 6 well plate per shRNA construct. Constructs were from the Broad RNAi Consortium. Lentiviral particles were generated using a three-plasmid system, as described previously (Moffat et al., 2006; Naldini et al., 1996). To standardize lentiviral transduction assays, viral titers were measured in a benchmark cell line, A549. For growth assays, titers corresponding to multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 5 and 1 in A549 cells were employed. For KRAS knockdown, cells were plated on day zero at 3×10⁴ cells/ml in 96 well plates (100 μl per well) or 6 well plates (3 ml per well). Cells were spin infected, as described previously (Moffat et al., 2006). 24 hours post-infection, cells were treated with 1 μg/mlpuromycin for 3 days to eliminate uninfected cells. Media was replaced and cells were grown for 2 more days, then fixed with 4% formaldehyde and stained with 1 μM Syto60 dye (Invitrogen Inc) for 1 hour. Syto60 fluorescence was quantified with a LiCor fluorescence scanner in the IR700 channel. Alternatively, cells were harvested for western blot analysis by lysing in MLB (20 mM Tris HCl pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1% NP-40, 0.25% Na deoxycholate, 10% Glycerol, supplemented with Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, 1 mM Na Vanadate and 25 mM NaF). Lysates were normalized for total protein using Pierce BCA reagent and resolved by SDS-PAGE followed by transfer to PVDF.

To determine the mutation states of KRAS in colorectal cancer cell lines used in this study, total RNA was extracted from cells with the RNEASY Kit (Qiagen). RNA was reverse transcribed with an Applied Biosystems Reverse Transcriptase Kit. KRAS exon4 was sequenced from cDNA with the following primers: forward: CCA TTT CGG ACT GGG AGC GAG C (SEQ ID NO:1) and reverse: CCT ACT AGG ACC ATA GGT ACA TCT TC (SEQ ID NO:2).

The results are shown in FIG. 1A. KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells showed variable KRAS-dependencies (FIGS. 1A and 1B), allowing derivation of a quantitative Ras Dependency Index (RDI) to compare multiple cell lines with varying viral transduction efficiencies. The RDI was derived as follows. Weighted averages for relative cell densities for MOIs of 5 and 1 with the KRAS A and B shRNAs were calculated. The inverse of these averages was then calculated. This number was multiplied by the transduction efficiency for each respective cell line (the proportion of cells expressing the control shRNA following puromycin selection compared those not treated with puromycin), yielding the RDI value. An RDI of 2 was calibrated as a 50% reduction in cellular proliferation following KRAS depletion.

An RDI>2.0 represented a threshold to classify cells as KRAS-dependent. Among the 21 KRAS-mutant cell lines, 10 were classified as KRAS-dependent and 11 as KRAS-independent (FIG. 1B). KRAS dependency was not associated with particular KRAS activating mutations (Table 2). Examples of two KRAS-dependent cell lines (SW620 and SK-CO-1) were selected for comparison with two KRAS-independent lines (LS-174T and SW1463) (FIG. 1A).

KRAS depletion in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells triggered apoptosis, measured by caspase-3 and polyADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage at 6-days following shRNA knockdown (FIG. 1C). Cells classified as KRAS-independent despite the presence of mutant KRAS showed no such apoptotic response to KRAS depletion. Reduced Erk and Akt phosphorylation preceded apoptosis in KRAS-dependent cells, whereas KRAS-independent cells displayed weak KRAS coupling to Erk phosphorylation. Moreover, in KRAS independent cells, KRAS depletion resulted in paradoxically increased Akt phosphorylation, in agreement with recent reports (Ebi et al., 2011) (FIG. 1D). Thus, KRAS-dependent and -independent colon cancer cells demonstrate distinct patterns of signaling downstream of mutant KRAS, with only KRAS-dependent cells showing suppression of key survival signals following KRAS knockdown.

Example 2 TAK1 is a KRAS Dependency-Associated Kinase

To identify potentially “druggable” pro-survival effectors in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells, gene expression profiles were first compared between four KRAS-dependent and four KRAS-independent cell lines. Comparative whole-genome expression profiling was performed on Affymetrix U133A Microarrays. The dataset for the colon cancer cell lines used in this is publically available via the BROAD Institute (broadinstitute.org/cgi-bin/cancer/datasets.cgi) under Sanger Cell Line Project. Expression data were normalized using GCRMA (Bolstad et al., 2003). To derive the KRAS dependency gene set, p-values were computed comparing average normalized probe intensity for each probe set between the cell lines shown in FIG. 2A. Fold differences for the average probe intensities were calculated. The p-value was—log transformed and fold difference was log 2 transformed. The product of these log-transformed values was designated as the “DEP SCORE” (Table 3) and genes were ranked based on this score. Significantly over- or under-expressed genes (p<0.05; fold difference>2) were identified by this method. To generate heatmaps, complete linkage hierarchical clustering by Euclidean or city-block distance was performed using Cluster (Eisen et al., 1998) and Java Treeview (Bioinformatics (2004) 20 (17): 3246-3248). Statistical analyses of correlations with gene expression data were performed with Graphpad Prism. Patient data are available through the NCBI GEO database (accession #: GSE16125; Reid et al., Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009 November; 48(11):953-62).

The results are shown in FIG. 2A. A core “KRAS Dependency Gene Set” was identified, comprising 687 genes overexpressed in KRAS-independent cells (IND genes) and 832 genes overexpressed in KRAS-dependent cells (DEP genes). Hierarchical clustering of this KRAS Dependency Gene Set across 40 colon cancer cell lines with either wild-type or mutant KRAS demonstrated 3 clusters: IND, DEP and intermediate (FIG. 8A). Gene ontology analysis of the DEP gene set, using the DAVID algorithm (Dennis et al., 2003) identified major functional classes, of which kinases were the most abundant (FIG. 8B). These were selected for further analysis, given the possibility of identifying novel tractable therapeutic targets. The 47 DEP protein, lipid and nucleotide kinase genes showed significant overexpression in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells, confirmed for a subset at the protein level (FIGS. 2B and C). The DEP gene set prominently featured genes relevant to mitotic checkpoint control and DNA replication/repair pathways (KEGG pathway database) (FIG. 8C). Of note, Wnt signaling components were significantly enriched in KRAS-dependent cells, compared to KRAS-independent cells, despite both classes having a comparable frequency of APC mutations (FIG. 8C).

Candidate protein kinase-encoding genes were further selected from the list of 47, based on ranking by DEP scores as well as literature searches for genes with putative cancer-associated function. To establish the functional relevance of these DEP kinases, the consequences of knockdown in two cell lines were compared with comparable lentiviral infection profiles (KRAS-independent SW837 cells and KRAS-dependent SW620 cells; FIGS. 8D-F). Each of 17 kinases was targeted using 5 shRNAs at 3 different viral MOIs, measuring relative cell densities at 6 days post-infection (FIGS. 8E and 8F). Among all kinases tested, TAK1 (MAP3K7) depletion had the most potent and selective effect on viability of SW620 versus SW837 cells, measured as the cumulative effect of all shRNA constructs tested (FIG. 2D). Two other genes, VRK2 encoding vaccinia related kinase isoform 2 and CHUK encoding I-κB kinase alpha, also demonstrated selective albeit less potent effects on SW620 cell viability (FIGS. 8E, 8F and 2D). TAK1 depletion in KRAS-dependent SW620 cells was remarkable in producing a strong, viral titer-dependent apoptotic response, as assessed by PARP cleavage (FIG. 2E). Since other kinase-encoding genes from the original list of 47 have not been functionally validated, it remains formally possible that additional untested kinases may play stronger pro-survival roles than those tested.

Example 3 Validation of TAK1 as a Therapeutic Target in KRAS-Dependent Colon Cancer

To further validate TAK1 as a candidate therapeutic target in this context, a potent and selective TAK1 kinase inhibitor, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (Rawlins et al., 1999), was used. Sensitivity to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was tested in a panel of 47 colon cancer cell lines with various genotypes (FIGS. 3A and 9A). KRAS and BRAF genotypes were either procured from the Sanger Institute's Catalog of Somatic Mutations (COSMIC) or determined by targeted resequencing (Table 2). KRAS mutation status was determined as described above; the same methods were used to determine the mutation states of BRAF. BRAF exon15 was sequenced with TCA TAA TGC TTG CTC TGA TAG GA (forward; SEQ ID NO:3) and GGC CAA AAA TTT AAT CAG TGG (reverse; SEQ ID NO:4).

Among KRAS-mutant cells, those classified as KRAS-dependent by virtue of sensitivity to KRAS shRNA knockdown were also highly sensitive to TAK1 inhibition, whereas KRAS-independent cells were generally resistant (P<0.0001). Notably, of 10 BRAF-mutant cell lines tested, 5 were also sensitive to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (FIG. 3A). The majority of cells with wild-type KRAS and BRAF were 5Z-7-oxozeaenol-resistant, although some with mutations that potentially impact the Ras pathway (e.g., NF1 mutation in HT55 cells and ALK mutation in CoCM-1 cells—COSMIC, Sanger Institute) were moderately sensitive to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. Consistent with their colon cancer derivation, almost all cell lines tested harbored APC mutations; of note, three cell lines with wild-type APC but harboring downstream CTNNB1 (β-catenin) activating mutations (either S33Y or S45 missense mutations) were resistant to TAK1 inhibition (Table 2).

To determine if sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition is specific to colon cancer-derived cell lines, sensitivity to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was assessed in 5 KRAS mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 4 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, all of which are APC wild-type (FIG. 9B). Whether previously classified as KRAS-dependent or -independent (Singh et al., 2009), PDAC and NSCLC cells were largely refractory to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol treatment. Finally, two non-transformed epithelial cell lines were also 5Z-7-oxozeaenol-refractory—MCF10A (IC50=5.5 μM) and MDCK (IC50=22 μM) (FIG. 9A).

Pharmacologic TAK1 inhibition triggered apoptosis in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells, as measured by PARP and caspase-3 cleavage (FIG. 3B). In these cells, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol treatment caused reduced threonine 172 phosphorylation of the AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK), an established TAK1 regulated kinase (Xie et al., 2006). In contrast, KRAS-independent cells displayed little or no 5Z-7-oxozeaenol-mediated caspase-3 or PARP cleavage, except at very high doses, and AMPK phosphorylation was unaffected. Thus, low concentrations of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, in the range of 0.625 to 1.25 μM, promote apoptosis selectively in KRAS-dependent colon cancer cells.

To validate the efficacy of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in vivo, subcutaneous xenografted tumors were generated in NOD/SCID mice using four representative KRAS mutant cell lines: HCT8 and SW837 (KRAS-independent), and SK-CO-1 and SW620 (KRAS-dependent). Human colorectal cancer tumor cells were trypsinized and resuspended as single cell suspensions at 3×10⁷ cells per ml in PBS. 100 μL (3×10⁶ cells total) of this suspension were injected into opposite left and right flanks of NOD/SCID mice. All mice were housed in a pathogen-free environment. Tumor size was monitored daily and once tumor volume had reached approximately 200 mm³, treatment with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was initiated (7 to 14 days post-implantation). Mice were injected daily with 15 mg/kg 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. The drug was resuspended as a 25 mg/ml stock in DMSO. This was further diluted 10-fold in Arachis Oil (Sigma Inc.) to yield a 2.5 mg/ml stock in 10% DMSO. Approximately 120 μl of this stock was delivered to 20 g mice intraperitoneally. Alternatively, 10% DMSO in Arachis Oil was delivered as a vehicle control.

Palpable tumors were evident two weeks post-implantation, at which time mice were treated with either daily intraperitoneal 15 mg/kg of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol or vehicle alone (Rawlins et al., 1999). Tumor imaging demonstrated remarkable regression of both KRAS-dependent tumors after as few as 6 days of treatment. In contrast, tumors derived from the KRAS-independent cell lines showed no significant response to TAK1 inhibition. No overt toxicity was evident in 5Z-7-oxozeaenol-treated mice at the selected dosing regimen. See FIG. 3C.

TABLE 2 IC50 values for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (in μM) for CRC cell lines used in this study, with corresponding genotypes for KRAS, BRAF, APC and CTNNB1. Cell Line IC50 KRAS BRAF APC CTNNB1 SKCO1 0.026 G12V* WT del WT SW620 0.093 G12V* WT del WT LoVo 0.106 G13D* WT del WT SW1116 0.122 G12A* WT del WT MDST8 0.226 WT V600K nd WT RCM-1 0.277 G12V* WT del WT CCK-81 0.412 WT WT nd nd CL-40 0.482 G12D* WT nd nd CL-34 0.489 WT V600E nd nd COLO-206F 0.509 WT V600E nd nd COLO-678 0.774 G12D* WT del WT CoCM-1 0.926 WT WT WT WT RKO 1.103 WT V600E del WT COLO-205 1.304 WT V600E del WT C170 1.068 G13D* WT nd WT CL-11 1.155 V14I* WT nd WT SW1417 1.235 WT V600E del WT HT115 1.329 WT WT WT WT Caco-2 1.439 WT V600E nd WT HT55 1.540 WT WT del WT Gp5D 1.768 G12D* WT del WT COLO-741 1.818 WT V600E nd nd SW48 1.941 WT WT WT S33Y SW948 2.321 Q61L WT del WT HCC56 2.336 G12V WT nd nd HCT-116 2.375 G13D WT WT S45del SW1463 2.415 G12C WT del WT WiDR 2.477 WT V600E del WT T84 2.814 G13D WT del WT Hs 257.T 3.204 G13D WT nd nd H630 4.475 WT WT del WT Hs 1.Int 5.639 WT WT nd nd SW837 5.953 G12C WT del WT CaR-1 6.077 WT WT nd nd LS-174T 6.232 G12D WT WT S45A LS-180 6.745 G12D WT WT S45A HT29 7.885 WT V600E del WT HCT-15 8.195 G13D WT del WT DLD-1 8.233 G13D WT del WT C2BBe1 9.318 WT WT del WT HCT-8 47.318 G13D WT del WT OUMS-23 48.392 WT WT nd nd HRT-18 59.969 G13D WT del WT *denotes KRAS-dependent cell lines. WT = wild-type; nd = not determined.

Example 4 A Gene Expression Signature Associated with Sensitivity to TAK1 Inhibition

To identify molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition, subsets of genes within the KRAS DEP gene set were identified that were most highly correlated with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol sensitivity. K-means clustering (Gasch and Eisen, 2002) was employed for unsupervised pattern recognition in the KRAS dependency gene set in a test set of 21 colon cancer cell lines whose sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition had been determined (FIG. 10A). By setting the parameters to k=3 clusters, 10 nodes (0 through 9) representing synexpression groups of co-regulated genes were identified. Average expression scores were then correlated for the genes in each node with IC50 values for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol by linear regression modeling, and computed the coefficients of determination (r²) and p-values for each node/IC50 correlation (FIG. 10B). This analysis revealed two nodes of genes (FIGS. 10B and C) whose expression is most strongly correlated with sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition. The genes from these nodes were combined to generate a 32 gene “TAK1 dependency signature”.

Clustering of the 32 genes across 21 colon cancer cell lines demonstrated a high degree of concordance between expression of the TAK1 dependency gene set, sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition and the degree of KRAS dependency (FIG. 4A). Average expression of the TAK1 dependency signature was very significantly correlated with previously derived RDI values for the KRAS mutant cell lines shown in FIG. 4A (P<0.0001, FIG. 10E). Three general classes of cell lines appeared from this analysis: KRAS-dependent, TAK1 inhibitor-sensitive cell lines with highest expression of the TAK1 dependency signature; KRAS-independent, TAK1 inhibitor-refractory cells with weak expression of the signature; and a cluster of cell lines with intermediate levels of expression, demonstrating enrichment for BRAF mutations (4 out of 6 cell lines).

Since Wnt pathway enrichment was found in KRAS-dependent cells (FIG. 8C), the TAK1 dependency signature was overlapped with a dataset of binding sites for the Wnt-regulated transcription factor TCF4, derived from ChIP-on-Chip analyses (Hatzis et al., 2008). Of the 32 TAK1 dependency genes, 18 contained proximal TCF4 binding sites. A number of these genes, such as BAMBI, PROX1 and NAV2 (HELAD1) have been previously linked to colon tumorigenesis in the context of deregulated Wnt signaling (Lin et al., 2008; Petrova et al., 2008; Sekiya et al., 2004). Basal Wnt signaling activity was measured by TOP-FLASH TCF4-responsive luciferase assays. Cells were plated in 12-well tissue culture plates at a density of 5×10⁴ cells/ml and 1 ml per well. Cells were then co-transfected with either 0.5 μg FOP-FLASH or TOP-FLASH plasmids plus 50 ng of pRL-TK (expressing Renilla luciferase). Normalized luciferase activity was obtained by using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega Inc). The KRAS-dependent cell lines had higher Wnt signaling activity than KRAS-independent cell lines (FIG. 4B).

Remarkably, when applied to a primary colon cancer dataset (Reid et al., 2009), the TAK1 dependency signature distinguished tumors with mutations in both APC and KRAS from those with only APC mutations (FIG. 10C). In particular, the subset of TAK1 dependency genes identified as being Wnt targets was expressed at higher levels in APC/KRAS mutant primary colon cancers compared to APC mutant/KRAS wild-type tumors (FIG. 4C). While these observations imply increased Wnt signaling in KRAS-mutant cancers, some established Wnt target genes (e.g. MYC and TCF7 (FIG. 10D)) were not enriched in the APC/KRAS mutant tumors. Taken altogether, gene expression analyses suggest that the combination of APC and KRAS mutations in colon cancers is associated with Wnt pathway hyperactivation and correlated with susceptibility to TAK1 inhibition.

Example 5 KRAS and TAK1 Regulate β-Catenin Transcriptional Activity and Nuclear Localization

To explore the role of KRAS and TAK1 in modulating Wnt signaling, the effect of KRAS depletion on β-catenin/TCF transcription was first assessed in a panel of KRAS mutant cell lines using the TOP-FLASH reporter (FIGS. 5A and 11A). Stable cell lines expressing the TOP-FLASH reporter were generated by transducing cells with 7TFP recombinant lentiviruses encoding a 7×Tcf-FFLUC (obtained from Addgene; Fuerer and Nusse, 2010) and selecting with 2 μg/mlpuromycin for 5 days.

The KRAS-dependent cells SW1116 and SK-CO-1 exhibited decreased TOP-FLASH reporter activity following KRAS depletion, which was correlated with the level of KRAS knockdown (FIG. 5A). In contrast, KRAS depletion had no effect in one KRAS-independent line (SW1463) and increased TOP-FLASH activity in another (LS174T). In KRAS-dependent cells, 24 h 5Z-7-oxozeaenol treatment strongly suppressed TOP-FLASH activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 0.8 μM to 2.5 μM) (FIG. 5B). In contrast, TAK1 inhibition had a much weaker effect on TOP-FLASH activity in KRAS-independent cells (IC50>10 μM). Of note, SW837 cells exhibited a biphasic response to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, with increased TOP-FLASH activity at low doses and reduced activity at the high dose of 5 μM. To define the effect of TAK1 signaling on a physiological Wnt target gene, protein expression levels of the endogenous Axin 2 gene (Lustig et al., 2002) were measured following treatment with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. TAK1 inhibition resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in Axin 2 expression in KRAS-dependent cells, but not in KRAS-independent cells (FIG. 5C). Thus, both KRAS and TAK1 suppression selectively suppress β-catenin-mediated transcription and Wnt target gene expression in KRAS-dependent cells.

Since activation of Wnt signaling is associated with nuclear translocation of β-catenin, its subcellular localization was analyzed following TAK1 suppression by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells were fixed in EM grade 4% formaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Staining with primary antibodies was carried out overnight at 4° C. For mouse monoclonal antibodies, an Alexa594-conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibody was used (Molecular Probes). For rabbit polyclonal antibodies, Alexa-488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody was used (Molecular Probes). Nuclei were visualized using DAPI. Micrographs were either captured on an IX81 Spinning Disk Deconvolution Microscope equipped with 100×Plan-Apo Oil objective or a Zeiss Laser Confocal Microscope equipped with a 63×Plan-Apo Oil objective. Digital images were processed with Slidebook, Zeiss LSM Browser and Adobe Photoshop CS4. Parental and vehicle-treated KRAS-dependent SW1116 and SK-CO-1 cells showed nuclear β-catenin localization, in addition to its co-localization with E-cadherin at adherens junctions. TAK1 inhibition in these cells resulted in loss of nuclear β-catenin within 24 h. No such effect was seen in KRAS-independent LS174T and SW1463 cells. Thus, inhibition of TAK1 signaling causes reduced β-catenin nuclear localization in KRAS-dependent but not in KRAS-independent cells.

Example 6 Reconstitution of TAK1 Dependency Through KRAS and Wnt Activation

To determine whether TAK1-independent cells could be driven toward TAK1 dependency by enhanced KRAS/Wnt signaling, a series of reconstitution experiments was performed. HT29, SW620 or SKCO1 cells were infected with recombinant lentiviruses encoding either BMPR1A-CA and CTNNB1-CA or vector control (containing the ccDB gene). For BMPR1A-CA stable expression, cells were selected in 5 μg/mlBlasticidin for 7 days and pooled clones were established. Stable expression was verified using the V5 epitope tag on the BMPR1A transgene product. For CTNNB1-CA, the pWPI recombinant lentiviruses encode GFP driven by IRES. Thus, stable cell clones were obtaining by FACS live cell sorting to obtain the top 10% of GFP expressing cells. The SW620-CTNNB1-CA stable cell clones were passaged 1:5 every 2 days and assayed for KRAS dependency after the fifth passage.

HT29 and C2BBel colon cancer cells, with mutant APC and wild-type KRAS, exhibit very little basal TCF/LEF reporter activity and demonstrate low or undetectable nuclear β-catenin signal (FIG. 11C). These cell lines are insensitive to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. To determine whether activation of KRAS is sufficient to increase Wnt signaling and hence lead to sensitivity to TAK1 inhibition, mutant KRAS (G12V) was ectopically introduced in HT29 cells through phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter-driven expression. Expression of either the 4A or 4B splice isoforms of mutant KRAS in these cells resulted in a 3-fold reduction in the IC50 for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (FIGS. 11B and 5E). In contrast, ectopic expression of mutant NRAS at equivalent expression levels caused slightly increased resistance to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.

The increased TAK1 dependency resulting from ectopic mutant KRAS in HT29 cells was correlated with 5-fold upregulated β-catenin transcriptional activity, which was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by TAK1 inhibition (FIG. 5F). Similar results were obtained in a second KRAS wild-type, TAK1-independent cell line (C2BBel) (FIG. 11C). Ectopic expression of mutant KRAS resulted in increased TAK1 autophosphorylation, Erk phosphorylation, elevated Axin 2 levels and nuclear β-catenin localization (FIGS. 5G and 5H). TAK1 inhibition reversed the KRAS-induced 13-catenin nuclear localization. Finally, pretreatment of cells with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, prior to their transduction with mutant KRAS, abrogated the KRAS-mediated increase in Wnt signaling (FIG. 11D). Taken together, ectopic expression of mutant KRAS is sufficient to activate TAK1 in APC-deficient cells, leading to increased Wnt signaling and sensitization to TAK1 inhibition.

To further test the role of Wnt signaling in this context, experiments were performed using two KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer (PDAC) cell lines, PANC-1 and YAPC, which are APC wild-type. PANC-1 cells are KRAS-independent, whereas YAPC cells are KRAS-dependent, a distinction that has been linked to increased KRAS signaling in YAPC cells (Singh et al., 2009). Activation of canonical Wnt signaling by inhibition of GSK-3 using the selective inhibitor BIO caused strong, dose-dependent TOP-FLASH reporter induction in KRAS-dependent YAPC cells, compared to weak induction in the KRAS-independent PANC-1 cells (FIG. 11E). Simultaneous treatment of YAPC cells with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol abrogates the BIO-mediated TOP-FLASH induction. In contrast, PANC-1 cells undergo stronger induction of TOP-FLASH activity with combined GSK-3 and TAK1 inhibition (FIG. 11F, lower upper panel). While the viability of KRAS-dependent YAPC cells was greatly suppressed by combined GSK-3 and TAK1 inhibition, no such effect was seen with PANC-1 cells (FIG. 11G). Finally, a constitutively-activated mutant of β-catenin (CTNNB1-CA) containing S33Y and S45A missense mutations was introduced into KRAS-dependent SW620 cells. This mutant caused partial losses in both KRAS and TAK1 dependencies (FIGS. 13A-C). Taken altogether, these reconstitution studies indicate that KRAS and Wnt pathway hyperactivation together contribute to TAK1 dependency.

Example 7 KRAS Activates TAK1 Through Enhanced BMP Signaling

TAK1 encodes an effector of the BMP receptor, which is activated in response to BMP ligand binding. The TAK1 dependency signature described herein is notably enriched for TGF-β/BMP pathway components, including BMP7, BAMBI and INHBB (FIG. 4A). To test for a direct role of the BMP pathway in KRAS-mediated activation of TAK1, the expression of the BMP receptor ligand BMP7 and markers of BMP activation were measured following KRAS depletion. In KRAS-dependent SW620 and SK-CO-1 cells, KRAS depletion caused reduced BMP-7 expression, BMP-mediated phosphorylation of its effector Smad1, and TAK1 autophosphorylation (FIG. 6A). Of note, the predominant phospho-TAK1 immunoreactive band in this context is the 40 kD isoform, although two isoforms (40 kD and 75 kD) were observed and depleted by TAK1 shRNA (FIG. 2E). Finally, Axin 2 levels were suppressed following KRAS depletion, indicating that KRAS signaling enhances both BMP signaling and Wnt activation (FIG. 6A). These effects of KRAS depletion were not seen in KRAS-independent LS-174T and SW837 cells.

Given the observed KRAS-regulated expression of BMP7 in SW620 cells, the functional role of this ligand was tested using lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown. Cells were plated on day zero at 3×10⁴ cells/ml in 96 well plates (100 μl per well) or 6 well plates (3 ml per well). Cells were spin infected, as described previously (Moffat et al., 2006). 24 hours post-infection, cells were treated with 1 μg/mlpuromycin for 3 days to eliminate uninfected cells. Media was replaced and cells were grown for 2 more days, then fixed with 4% formaldehyde and stained with 1 μM Syto60 dye (Invitrogen Inc) for 1 hour. Syto60 fluorescence was quantified with a LiCor fluorescence scanner in the IR700 channel. Alternatively, cells were harvested for western blot analysis by lysing in MLB (20 mM Tris HCl pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1% NP-40, 0.25% Na deoxycholate, 10% Glycerol, supplemented with Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, 1 mM Na Vanadate and 25 mM NaF). Lysates were normalized for total protein using Pierce BCA reagent and resolved by SDS-PAGE followed by transfer to PVDF.

BMP-7 depletion using a panel of 5 different shRNAs caused pronounced viral titer-dependent apoptosis (FIG. 6B). Similarly, knockdown of BMPR1A, encoding the BMP receptor type 1A (Alk-3) and also a component of the KRAS dependency gene set, suppressed proliferation and viability of the KRAS-dependent SW620 cells (FIG. 2D). In KRAS-independent SW837 cells we did not observe significant proliferation or viability defects following BMP7 depletion (FIGS. 12A and 12B). Thus, autocrine BMP-7 ligand expression and receptor activation are required to maintain the viability of KRAS-dependent cells.

To determine whether BMP-7 induction is a direct consequence of KRAS activation, as opposed to an indirect effect of cell transformation, an inducible mutant KRAS-estrogen receptor chimera (ER-KRAS(12V)) was introduced into HT29 cells, which normally express wild-type endogenous KRAS. At 24 h following KRAS induction using 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT), BMP7 mRNA levels were increased, along with cellular and secreted BMP-7 protein levels (FIG. 6C). Endogenous levels of Axin 2 were also increased following KRAS induction, as was TOP-FLASH reporter activity. The activation of these downstream markers of Wnt signaling by inducible KRAS was effectively suppressed by depletion of BMP7, BMPR1A and TAK1 (FIG. 6D), consistent with their function as key mediators of the KRAS-potentiated Wnt pathway activation.

To further define the role of BMP signaling in TAK1 dependency, a constitutively-activated (CA) variant (Q233D) of BMPR1A (Zou et al., 1997) was ectopically expressed in HT29 cells. Expression of BMPR1A-CA conferred increased sensitivity to 5Z-7-oxozeaenol with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM compared to 7.7 μM for vector control cells (FIG. 6E). TAK1 inhibition in BMPR1A-CA-expressing cells resulted in apoptosis as shown by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage (FIG. 6F). This was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in Axin 2 and phosphorylated Smad2 levels. Finally, BMPR1A-CA-induced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which was suppressed following TAK1 inhibition (FIG. 6G). Thus, in APC-mutant cells with low baseline β-catenin transcriptional activity, artificial BMP activation enhances Wnt signaling through TAK1 activation, conferring TAK1 dependency. Surprisingly, introduction of BMPR1A-CA into KRAS-dependent SW620 cells could not rescue KRAS depletion-induced cell death (FIG. 6D), suggesting that BMP receptor activation may be necessary but not sufficient to promote cell survival in KRAS-dependent cancer cells. In summary, mutant KRAS promotes autocrine BMP signaling causing TAK1 activation and leading to enhanced Wnt signaling in APC-deficient colon cancer cells. In KRAS-dependent cells, all of these components are necessary for full anti-apoptotic signaling.

The following antibodies were used for western blotting in the above examples: KRAS OP-24, Pan-Ras OP-40 (Calbiochem); PARP (BD Pharmigen, 4C10-5); BMP-7 (Abcam); phospho-ERK, Axin2, phospho Smad1 and total Smad1/5/8, phospho- and total AMPK, phospho- and total AKT, cleaved Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling); GAPDH (Chemicon); E-Cadherin, beta-catenin (BD Pharmigen) Syk, TAK1, total ERK1 (Santa Cruz). For secreted BMP-7 levels, 1×106 HT29 cells stably expressing ER-KRAS(12V) were plated in 10 cm dishes. 24 h post-plating, 10 ml serum-free DME/F12 medium (Gibco) was added. Conditioned media was collected 24 h post-induction of ER-KRAS(12V) with 4-HT and concentrated to 5004, using AMICON® Ultra-4 Centrifugal Filter Units with 3 kDa membranes. To assess BMP-7 levels, 604 of this concentrated conditioned medium was used for western blotting.

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TABLE 3 TABLE 3 Differentially expressed probesets comparing K-Ras independent to K-Ras dependent CRC cells. Probesets with p-values <0.05 and fold expression either >2 (DEP genes) or <0.5 (IND genes) were selected. DEP score is the product of −log(p-value) and log(fold difference) for each probeset. DEP score >0 indicates association with K-Ras dependency whereas <0 indicates association with K-Ras independency. Affy ID SYMBOL −log P-Value log2 fold DEP SCORE 203423_at RBP1 1.388637364 8.527651438 11.84181542 216033_s_at FYN 2.048943293 6.501224991 13.32064134 207401_at PROX1 1.533913479 6.401660749 9.819593713 205258_at INHBB 2.217613379 6.137184273 13.60990195 213807_x_at MET 2.385082397 6.129775503 14.62001965 206805_at SEMA3A 1.510672241 5.974567863 9.025613822 203998_s_at SYT1 2.303851319 5.840599597 13.45587308 210517_s_at AKAP12 2.998547598 5.776620589 17.32147179 211599_x_at MET 2.711183799 5.625353962 15.25136853 87100_at ABHD2 3.03976234 5.510298455 16.74999773 220892_s_at PSAT1 1.494042004 5.501729942 8.219815629 204427_s_at TMED2 3.410253531 5.240983887 17.8730838 214617_at PRF1 1.492755869 5.218989255 7.790676841 206429_at F2RL1 5.894894854 5.057501819 29.81344144 200769_s_at MAT2A 2.451948435 5.005493428 12.27321178 205778_at KLK7 1.50716922 4.99229245 7.524229515 210105_s_at FYN 2.202114206 4.940476364 10.87949319 203999_at SYT1 1.809260254 4.890328037 8.847876143 219836_at ZBED2 1.327827039 4.762526155 6.323811001 220477_s_at C20orf30 2.155843977 4.747956672 10.2358538 212486_s_at FYN 1.380636098 4.724256984 6.522479727 209568_s_at RGL1 1.767576997 4.682180173 8.276113969 205003_at DOCK4 2.538475677 4.66282114 11.83645805 205499_at SRPX2 1.347942404 4.628490449 6.238938545 204602_at DKK1 1.431478239 4.590141984 6.570688365 200008_s_at GDI2 3.115798809 4.522639639 14.0916352 214240_at GAL 1.763409072 4.494668455 7.925939131 217294_s_at ENO1 3.356636712 4.491641261 15.07680795 212009_s_at STIP1 3.884154907 4.476353268 17.38684951 201211_s_at DDX3X 1.313458563 4.430494797 5.819271329 215913_s_at GULP1 3.105008429 4.387014636 13.62171742 207610_s_at EMR2 1.352274425 4.368127116 5.906906583 215236_s_at PICALM 2.406109724 4.33056696 10.41981927 213872_at None 2.364272468 4.303081499 10.17365712 214581_x_at TNFRSF21 1.923544502 4.268596226 8.210834801 210904_s_at IL13RA1 3.861406088 4.258624955 16.44428033 212097_at CAV1 2.185744895 4.244063435 9.276439988 201971_s_at ATP6V1A 2.620516315 4.240826542 11.11315514 203186_s_at S100A4 1.304568687 4.220869436 5.506414099 203357_s_at CAPN7 3.022490256 4.181515342 12.63858938 221428_s_at TBL1XR1 2.763153093 4.166893201 11.51376384 203065_s_at CAV1 2.225352654 4.141469202 9.216229481 202444_s_at ERLIN1 3.055303322 4.132579462 12.62628376 202129_s_at RIOK3 3.240104394 4.121139387 13.35292184 208608_s_at SNTB1 1.567062689 4.109097125 6.439212788 221268_s_at SGPP1 2.259789665 4.106443143 9.279697774 204128_s_at RFC3 4.253038512 4.092487588 17.40550732 211450_s_at MSH6 3.342223306 4.085201706 13.65365635 218748_s_at EXOC5 2.039130307 4.082041998 8.323815553 201476_s_at RRM1 3.614101322 4.065613804 14.69354022 200641_s_at YWHAZ 3.366537158 4.06443244 13.68306284 211090_s_at PRPF4B 2.075214076 4.044729164 8.393678895 213548_s_at CDV3 1.770641182 4.034850552 7.144272549 221618_s_at TAF9B 1.441898317 3.977758596 5.735523427 205555_s_at MSX2 1.677936814 3.970888 6.66289916 210317_s_at YWHAE 2.618092011 3.962691069 10.37468983 202990_at PYGL 2.421598932 3.951518783 9.568993662 203304_at BAMBI 1.790298272 3.946624477 7.065634983 220658_s_at ARNTL2 2.096237772 3.944800003 8.269238769 218182_s_at CLDN1 2.358392024 3.911617591 9.225127726 210154_at ME2 1.74734127 3.909863312 6.831865525 202593_s_at GDE1 3.01160269 3.892636311 11.72307399 217963_s_at NGFRAP1 1.814936969 3.884883761 7.05081916 214845_s_at CALU 2.339192622 3.875135475 9.064688311 210639_s_at ATG5 3.323431745 3.864945465 12.84488245 202784_s_at NNT 2.260633315 3.855119534 8.715011653 201120_s_at PGRMC1 3.333097434 3.831669307 12.77132714 214959_s_at API5 2.458987623 3.825659793 9.407250081 211574_s_at CD46 2.686862781 3.82334363 10.2727997 206432_at HAS2 1.589504218 3.822941502 6.076581642 210734_x_at MAX 2.922849508 3.807667697 11.12923966 202278_s_at SPTLC1 3.347486294 3.802262401 12.72802128 218036_x_at NMD3 4.136152583 3.79696537 15.70482812 204353_s_at POT1 2.747366788 3.783417094 10.39443447 219132_at PELI2 1.540557654 3.764867468 5.799995395 202226_s_at CRK 3.17436211 3.761156224 11.93927181 207620_s_at CASK 2.928698184 3.759238903 11.00967615 212514_x_at DDX3X 1.77451918 3.742080569 6.640393744 205542_at STEAP1 2.000234086 3.725714113 7.452300365 200756_x_at CALU 2.280015988 3.723994537 8.490767081 201490_s_at PPIF 3.097859978 3.689381174 11.42918628 214895_s_at ADAM10 2.517388746 3.686910817 9.281387799 210543_s_at PRKDC 2.976334387 3.681655524 10.95783794 220585_at HKDC1 1.98718113 3.681011319 7.314836232 203851_at IGFBP6 1.898886343 3.679449689 6.986856764 216266_s_at ARFGEF1 2.387511479 3.678401441 8.782225665 210284_s_at MAP3K7IP2 2.971274888 3.664169575 10.88725504 200712_s_at MAPRE1 2.809140517 3.653839684 10.2641491 211363_s_at MTAP 1.799517047 3.606493026 6.48994568 210529_s_at FAM115A 3.297308504 3.597966321 11.86360495 209772_s_at CD24 1.765995128 3.595404447 6.349466735 215037_s_at BCL2L1 2.980484262 3.586153108 10.6884729 219856_at C1orf116 2.549659673 3.580418155 9.128847784 217301_x_at RBBP4 3.009582336 3.567913933 10.73793075 211864_s_at MYOF 2.000759183 3.56516601 7.133038635 221781_s_at DNAJC10 2.364857856 3.564591209 8.429751524 220199_s_at AIDA 3.42148789 3.549910623 12.14597621 214908_s_at TRRAP 2.829115046 3.545211882 10.02981228 212092_at PEG10 1.57888619 3.541096814 5.590988855 206667_s_at SCAMP1 1.8126988 3.535528859 6.40884892 211537_x_at MAP3K7 2.514747804 3.535296666 8.890379529 206670_s_at GAD1 1.561755304 3.52040984 5.49801874 202147_s_at IFRD1 2.936923218 3.494661772 10.2635533 203323_at CAV2 2.911878109 3.492325891 10.16922731 218000_s_at PHLDA1 1.352550246 3.486603012 4.715805761 212577_at SMCHD1 2.277562249 3.485321692 7.938037111 218156_s_at TSR1 2.853540079 3.48060028 9.932032398 211668_s_at PLAU 1.408870148 3.480337517 4.903343632 210655_s_at FOXO3B 3.186757769 3.478200848 11.08418358 215033_at TM4SF1 2.615923605 3.476816416 9.095086133 218119_at TIMM23 2.891934346 3.475780562 10.05172919 202166_s_at PPP1R2 2.818746564 3.463756806 9.763452595 208698_s_at NONO 3.191694877 3.461153115 11.04694467 217999_s_at PHLDA1 1.708991781 3.458448941 5.910460816 209765_at ADAM19 2.159425928 3.453207906 7.456946689 207563_s_at OGT 1.688144859 3.450939263 5.825685377 217998_at PHLDA1 1.428312932 3.441836889 4.916020137 210186_s_at FKBP1A 1.485254467 3.438243123 5.106665957 202143_s_at COPS8 3.203393823 3.432950921 10.99709377 204344_s_at SEC23A 2.407329316 3.414405756 8.219599072 218292_s_at PRKAG2 2.978019695 3.413230415 10.1646674 209080_x_at GLRX3 3.229562021 3.410673477 11.01498153 204989_s_at ITGB4 2.371378343 3.382979175 8.022323553 214168_s_at TJP1 3.21512782 3.380334425 10.86820725 221430_s_at RNF146 2.545057015 3.369988417 8.576812661 216685_s_at MTAP 1.831620474 3.367575036 6.168119383 214545_s_at PROSC 1.347317334 3.355653854 4.521130604 203210_s_at RFC5 2.596622924 3.352756139 8.705843451 AFFX-HSAC07/X00351_5_at ACTB 3.403706413 3.351420928 11.4072529 207079_s_at MED6 2.337696961 3.314737321 7.748851362 201742_x_at SFRS1 2.416488402 3.31323431 8.006392285 208403_x_at MAX 2.746392088 3.306371457 9.08059241 201337_s_at VAMP3 2.79685079 3.298103726 9.22430401 208811_s_at DNAJB6 4.28480004 3.293171736 14.11058239 217799_x_at UBE2H 2.805639953 3.292705069 9.238144896 203324_s_at CAV2 1.814602894 3.289192961 5.968579067 211905_s_at ITGB4 2.261189734 3.286733643 7.431928372 219710_at SH3TC2 1.413910749 3.277981621 4.634773448 214434_at HSPA12A 2.104487589 3.26925592 6.88010851 207549_x_at CD46 2.760069373 3.263621149 9.007820778 204426_at TMED2 3.115876095 3.259250527 10.15542081 216125_s_at RANBP9 1.834417744 3.255854674 5.972597586 207782_s_at PSEN1 2.784683286 3.252441617 9.057019811 211536_x_at MAP3K7 2.541759138 3.237774902 8.229643942 215832_x_at PICALM 2.539895824 3.237168651 8.222071139 218853_s_at MOSPD1 2.289663735 3.224868313 7.383864027 213562_s_at SQLE 2.335789614 3.22136558 7.524432263 208316_s_at OCRL 2.723330084 3.191516658 8.691553326 207791_s_at RAB1A 3.343903839 3.183549558 10.64548359 209109_s_at TSPAN6 2.842243588 3.171072409 9.01296022 202955_s_at ARFGEF1 3.280043673 3.16447406 10.37961312 203328_x_at IDE 3.949802335 3.145367131 12.42357844 208290_s_at EIF5 3.401615579 3.141406397 10.68585694 210470_x_at NONO 2.734707534 3.129559607 8.558430235 201325_s_at EMP1 2.963693668 3.119524658 9.245315478 211676_s_at IFNGR1 5.551693008 3.107509298 17.25193764 213461_at NUDT21 1.374113452 3.096521416 4.254971733 209387_s_at TM4SF1 2.122145593 3.07422463 6.52395225 201179_s_at GNAI3 2.647466738 3.072277785 8.133753246 205659_at HDAC9 1.797075301 3.066099147 5.510011046 208447_s_at PRPS1 1.937018619 3.061450972 5.930087534 205965_at BATF 1.50839475 3.052500942 4.604376396 217356_s_at PGK1 3.661048121 3.046109521 11.15195354 200776_s_at BZW1L1 3.028444285 3.041513783 9.211055032 211518_s_at BMP4 1.374961135 3.041293543 4.181660421 208310_s_at FSTL1 2.579531185 3.039180515 7.839660914 210338_s_at HSPA8 4.929227306 3.037510359 14.972579 204147_s_at TFDP1 2.323968707 3.036904294 7.057670545 219121_s_at RBM35A 2.218074371 3.029579857 6.719833437 202583_s_at RANBP9 2.582289314 3.023294769 7.807021773 218122_s_at SENP2 1.35957994 3.021317969 4.107723304 219311_at CEP76 1.647516207 3.009282898 4.957842347 218439_s_at COMMD10 4.375709838 2.99875502 13.12168184 213348_at CDKN1C 1.622204842 2.998118875 4.863562957 202213_s_at CUL4B 2.017092632 2.997070192 6.045368203 208852_s_at CANX 2.23171428 2.991303927 6.675735691 210337_s_at ACLY 2.248838056 2.985881028 6.714762888 203032_s_at FH 2.446553329 2.982048605 7.295740942 213901_x_at RBM9 3.604204602 2.979993434 10.74050605 210935_s_at WDR1 2.871404135 2.97377852 8.53891994 208651_x_at CD24 1.355984312 2.95899375 4.012349103 205730_s_at ABLIM3 1.675738338 2.957147724 4.955405813 219326_s_at B3GNT2 1.698818876 2.941421035 4.996941576 216976_s_at RYK 2.935292946 2.93993342 8.629565831 208097_s_at None 1.748572657 2.939520389 5.139964978 213652_at PCSK5 2.027550456 2.938885435 5.958738505 213470_s_at HNRNPH1 2.509837555 2.935613637 7.367913354 209035_at MDK 1.834109435 2.929982536 5.373908614 218340_s_at UBA6 1.775139538 2.926750806 5.195391074 201123_s_at EIF5A 1.829895352 2.924523993 5.351572863 200722_s_at CAPRIN1 2.599240646 2.914500279 7.575487589 207431_s_at DEGS1 2.635317704 2.910198534 7.669297719 207627_s_at TFCP2 2.296292999 2.885674483 6.626354114 201629_s_at ACP1 2.961620036 2.877812459 8.52298704 203157_s_at GLS 2.470649137 2.87142717 7.094289061 210896_s_at ASPH 1.468049381 2.866244415 4.207788338 209624_s_at MCCC2 4.044606414 2.863170864 11.58039924 207821_s_at PTK2 1.872000392 2.853475823 5.341707857 217777_s_at PTPLAD1 1.830832337 2.849188557 5.216386545 215794_x_at GLUD2 2.669933128 2.847985458 7.603930723 201250_s_at SLC2A1 1.451389778 2.843722918 4.127350374 209363_s_at MED21 2.009657407 2.836828915 5.701054242 201551_s_at LAMP1 3.040247778 2.832218091 8.610644757 200813_s_at PAFAH1B1 1.31934818 2.828729063 3.732078541 202236_s_at SLC16A1 2.139868335 2.823150646 6.041170673 212521_s_at PDE8A 3.146631758 2.817017041 8.864115287 220918_at C21orf96 1.454341149 2.814477426 4.093210334 220924_s_at SLC38A2 1.701378422 2.808734202 4.778719765 211744_s_at CD58 2.015120543 2.804433619 5.651271797 201504_s_at TSN 2.400750926 2.80259961 6.728343607 217811_at SELT 3.665841049 2.801711253 10.27062812 202829_s_at VAMP7 1.354287268 2.801308596 3.793776566 219599_at EIF4B 1.875035313 2.797820789 5.246012779 211016_x_at HSPA4 1.864305044 2.790855083 5.203005207 209316_s_at HBS1L 2.807142852 2.789638322 7.830913274 209653_at KPNA4 2.048515723 2.77941314 5.693671519 218224_at PNMA1 2.091149848 2.77711112 5.807355496 219015_s_at ALG13 2.483152963 2.775784747 6.89269812 201823_s_at RNF14 2.544802204 2.775497676 7.063092604 210156_s_at PCMT1 2.803090582 2.774494832 7.777160332 206669_at GAD1 2.795769572 2.756524353 7.706606912 201259_s_at SYPL1 2.335524228 2.756015839 6.436741763 212008_at UBXN4 2.248100504 2.749783765 6.181790268 211061_s_at MGAT2 2.222428999 2.742924273 6.095954447 202576_s_at DDX19B 1.389400749 2.740211536 3.807251961 208650_s_at CD24 1.555261162 2.734065301 4.252185578 207983_s_at STAG2 2.442850149 2.724576261 6.655731527 215997_s_at CUL4B 1.35955932 2.717025868 3.693957843 210087_s_at MPZL1 1.968771714 2.712911559 5.341103542 207108_s_at NIPBL 3.46860902 2.704424429 9.380590969 210716_s_at CLIP1 2.079804814 2.703555308 5.622867345 210830_s_at PON2 2.368956997 2.697729501 6.390805178 217496_s_at IDE 3.083787368 2.695151124 8.311272991 212595_s_at DAZAP2 3.102157024 2.692435072 8.352356369 208860_s_at ATRX 2.41994028 2.680977021 6.487804284 208853_s_at CANX 1.408155374 2.670419331 3.760365332 218782_s_at ATAD2 1.438189522 2.668679023 3.838066208 210257_x_at CUL4B 1.910906647 2.664635683 5.09187004 211855_s_at SLC25A14 1.535680971 2.660672984 4.085944871 216591_s_at SDHC 2.642093846 2.651460438 7.005407305 206665_s_at BCL2L1 2.130831115 2.649782086 5.646238116 218041_x_at SLC38A2 1.602143389 2.632950837 4.218364778 203265_s_at MAP2K4 2.79817085 2.631861092 7.364396988 217677_at PLEKHA2 3.338622883 2.629663139 8.779453533 213501_at ACOX1 2.912742338 2.616348682 7.620749577 206113_s_at RAB5A 1.394989625 2.60981222 3.640660972 203207_s_at MTFR1 1.650680606 2.60676898 4.302942999 201523_x_at UBE2N 3.573131793 2.596214493 9.276616548 203968_s_at CDC6 1.635366937 2.592546758 4.239765251 210153_s_at ME2 1.479362928 2.590766902 3.832684511 209257_s_at SMC3 2.90671947 2.587934249 7.522398867 211612_s_at IL13RA1 1.846672682 2.583569452 4.771007128 206348_s_at PDK3 1.317075708 2.578786122 3.396456556 211814_s_at CCNE2 1.344799762 2.5787672 3.467925517 215034_s_at TM4SF1 1.715789547 2.575303363 4.418678591 221039_s_at ASAP1 1.887513969 2.573032144 4.856634113 212253_x_at DST 2.048427116 2.567842648 5.260038508 216942_s_at CD58 2.248309148 2.560591832 5.75700204 220494_s_at None 2.019466439 2.556475603 5.162716682 208793_x_at SMARCA4 1.898230418 2.549320282 4.839197305 210285_x_at WTAP 2.71479325 2.54928201 6.920773595 218757_s_at UPF3B 1.902711901 2.546177205 4.844641669 202585_s_at NFX1 1.371388696 2.543253467 3.487789056 201835_s_at PRKAB1 3.231898376 2.537466808 8.200834857 217996_at PHLDA1 1.530585265 2.534285412 3.878939909 203015_s_at SSX2IP 1.813124096 2.53231979 4.591410029 206920_s_at GLE1 2.036101799 2.527843312 5.146946314 217915_s_at None 1.897120655 2.521668205 4.783908838 201988_s_at CREBL2 1.698337846 2.517104668 4.27489412 215207_x_at LOC729148 1.663274278 2.499589501 4.157502923 203311_s_at ARF6 3.81985167 2.486518516 9.498131903 200751_s_at HNRNPC 3.123392007 2.485149547 7.762096231 201881_s_at ARIH1 2.029548595 2.484406032 5.042222772 211015_s_at HSPA4 2.536679412 2.483403507 6.299598549 209360_s_at RUNX1 2.244700125 2.478559153 5.56362204 219198_at GTF3C4 2.29436223 2.464953804 5.655496906 202731_at PDCD4 2.008658065 2.46483896 4.951018655 202101_s_at RALB 3.316509824 2.463494861 8.170204906 201096_s_at ARF4 3.205357754 2.462953137 7.894645937 200730_s_at PTP4A1 1.632253317 2.460831812 4.016700888 216574_s_at RPE 1.757576891 2.454788278 4.314479151 221220_s_at SCYL2 1.591878604 2.454081474 3.906599792 217975_at WBP5 1.584602158 2.448688095 3.880196439 206303_s_at NUDT4 1.493487318 2.447938249 3.65596473 209362_at MED21 1.741668564 2.443083737 4.255042143 202854_at HPRT1 2.660892766 2.441139569 6.495610621 221679_s_at ABHD6 2.457229886 2.436674885 5.98747035 205780_at BIK 2.83066435 2.436353179 6.896498087 212379_at GART 1.807051188 2.431035976 4.393006447 210802_s_at DIMT1L 1.961532507 2.425713755 4.758116384 204186_s_at PPID 1.679127283 2.422212283 4.067202728 203373_at SOCS2 1.6321445 2.420295298 3.95027166 217791_s_at ALDH18A1 2.160231977 2.419402313 5.226470242 209269_s_at SYK 2.003269366 2.418789116 4.84548614 217445_s_at GART 1.557131264 2.418426316 3.765807226 214553_s_at ARPP-19 1.671158562 2.414797585 4.03550966 52285_f_at CEP76 1.357445194 2.409776082 3.27113896 219960_s_at UCHL5 1.443187816 2.408046722 3.475263689 201688_s_at TPD52 2.23041242 2.407257327 5.369176642 206550_s_at NUP155 1.734568336 2.404676347 4.17107545 221962_s_at UBE2H 2.200089778 2.403600632 5.288137182 213789_at EBP 1.347948999 2.399909774 3.234955977 205401_at AGPS 1.899043625 2.396751099 4.551534895 204768_s_at FEN1 2.853432567 2.39251101 6.826868832 202062_s_at SEL1L 1.786498775 2.388446755 4.266957202 212515_s_at DDX3X 2.143629095 2.38692176 5.116674932 201386_s_at DHX15 4.710211933 2.377178903 11.19701644 206533_at CHRNA5 1.929510523 2.370924269 4.574723326 209091_s_at SH3GLB1 2.018826391 2.366552136 4.777657909 205512_s_at AIFM1 3.096291219 2.360614651 7.309150414 200628_s_at WARS 1.968240988 2.354173823 4.633581411 218295_s_at NUP50 1.432725276 2.352794991 3.370908852 222132_s_at AGK 2.329140245 2.346429222 5.465162733 211114_x_at SIP1 2.368446203 2.346279644 5.557037116 215113_s_at SENP3 1.85536238 2.343663931 4.348345888 210779_x_at SIP1 1.968284049 2.337205186 4.600283687 211689_s_at TMPRSS2 1.502860928 2.336750884 3.511811601 202069_s_at IDH3A 4.037717034 2.333393331 9.421582002 203214_x_at CDC2 1.653732853 2.330440602 3.853926186 208810_at DNAJB6 3.794699349 2.328126684 8.834540812 212003_at C1orf144 2.243468566 2.327291655 5.221205671 202453_s_at GTF2H1 1.68900152 2.32467095 3.926372768 219485_s_at PSMD10 1.950185413 2.320677876 4.525752142 204312_x_at CREB1 3.559027148 2.320434994 8.25849114 204045_at TCEAL1 1.822720503 2.306311507 4.203761269 212572_at STK38L 1.37207822 2.306271521 3.164384922 211563_s_at C19orf2 2.295481398 2.296346595 5.271220891 209471_s_at FNTA 2.799341434 2.28872284 6.406916678 211212_s_at ORC5L 1.880651322 2.279600597 4.287133875 222192_s_at C2orf43 1.768270341 2.278759116 4.029462159 202874_s_at ATP6V1C1 2.331959631 2.277690456 5.311482197 202516_s_at DLG1 2.070182966 2.275096232 4.709865467 208931_s_at ILF3 2.272873368 2.271042653 5.161792365 210570_x_at MAPK9 1.802584111 2.267520427 4.087396292 212016_s_at PTBP1 2.636308817 2.264433508 5.969746022 210101_x_at SH3GLB1 1.904905692 2.260139819 4.305353207 201830_s_at NET1 2.653127771 2.251802034 5.974318511 211228_s_at RAD17 2.749511786 2.249143645 6.184046959 208456_s_at RRAS2 2.453253254 2.247490486 5.513663348 201267_s_at PSMC3 2.395229 2.24484728 5.376923306 209369_at ANXA3 1.423490488 2.24246546 3.192128251 218330_s_at NAV2 1.32985191 2.240104299 2.97900698 202006_at PTPN12 1.913594731 2.238220303 4.283046579 209421_at MSH2 2.149570637 2.234673498 4.803588533 218163_at MCTS1 2.85345367 2.234370456 6.375672576 208925_at CLDND1 2.035012159 2.234110427 4.546441884 218178_s_at CHMP1B 1.988422156 2.232177109 4.438510419 214708_at SNTB1 1.316720166 2.231346905 2.938059468 214119_s_at FKBP1A 1.904431059 2.22622155 4.239685465 201104_x_at NBPF14 1.475612179 2.224380353 3.282322739 220773_s_at GPHN 2.539139173 2.224025884 5.647111245 214507_s_at EXOSC2 1.602959543 2.223434655 3.5640758 219858_s_at MFSD6 2.903244926 2.215279557 6.431499132 211475_s_at BAG1 2.110365099 2.208695058 4.661152965 214941_s_at PRPF40A 3.207845413 2.207706548 7.081981321 200798_x_at MCL1 2.237353794 2.207329296 4.938576575 202058_s_at KPNA1 2.798118146 2.198884998 6.152740015 216593_s_at PIGC 2.428179807 2.197372246 5.335614917 AFFX- STAT1 2.892576241 2.196890048 6.354671956 HUMISGF3A/M97935_MB_at 200778_s_at 40788 1.971283174 2.192493043 4.322024645 203967_at CDC6 1.307820129 2.188172462 2.861735992 210732_s_at LGALS8 1.391310604 2.183278128 3.037618011 201554_x_at GYG1 2.630225127 2.181510534 5.73786382 206582_s_at GPR56 1.469621204 2.179939138 3.203684781 218129_s_at NFYB 2.811357949 2.178876167 6.125600834 205217_at TIMM8A 2.476912274 2.176918102 5.392035168 220202_s_at RC3H2 2.133830723 2.175812717 4.642816023 201571_s_at DCTD 1.996157266 2.172914782 4.337479632 211150_s_at DLAT 2.022627643 2.172184899 4.393521222 211022_s_at ATRX 1.318648809 2.172095787 2.864231522 203553_s_at MAP4K5 1.526045183 2.154734021 3.288221472 205017_s_at MBNL2 1.61188039 2.149080201 3.464060233 208867_s_at CSNK1A1 1.935444529 2.148556956 4.158412806 217919_s_at MRPL42 2.037159833 2.14664116 4.373051147 202730_s_at PDCD4 2.489216452 2.146028173 5.341928634 217188_s_at C14orf1 2.428794854 2.143286305 5.205602749 214359_s_at HSP90AB1 2.712641664 2.137076432 5.797122569 212142_at MCM4 1.540840316 2.12398673 3.272724384 211997_x_at H3F3B 2.258189088 2.121174635 4.790013416 205770_at GSR 1.644127786 2.112157635 3.472657056 210625_s_at AKAP1 1.75255728 2.109263346 3.696604833 203960_s_at HSPB11 1.517892899 2.107212966 3.198523596 208055_s_at HERC4 1.589675525 2.098849748 3.336490074 202889_x_at MAP7 1.576300696 2.094174265 3.301048351 213419_at APBB2 2.109656903 2.087470616 4.403846794 209055_s_at CDC5L 1.690338292 2.084988337 3.524335624 217140_s_at LOC100133724 2.663485215 2.078188471 5.535224265 200052_s_at ILF2 2.4460391 2.077588414 5.081862495 200987_x_at PSME3 2.787474647 2.074285159 5.782017292 205763_s_at DDX18 2.032716564 2.070427479 4.208592231 215023_s_at PEX1 2.151651558 2.069948931 4.453808841 202113_s_at SNX2 1.944858925 2.060779535 4.007925472 200806_s_at HSPD1 2.363975463 2.057684024 4.864314542 206173_x_at GABPB1 2.130947054 2.051421731 4.371471095 202352_s_at PSMD12 2.789160813 2.048526889 5.713670923 213133_s_at GCSH 1.748867744 2.047748977 3.581242135 209463_s_at TAF12 1.407978843 2.041399831 2.874247772 201821_s_at TIMM17A 3.035295076 2.040641309 6.193948517 219467_at GIN1 2.899990729 2.034518096 5.900083618 216274_s_at SEC11A 3.006138069 2.031184127 6.106019929 202272_s_at FBXO28 1.719394583 2.030173143 3.490668704 201444_s_at ATP6AP2 2.241478385 2.028659675 4.547196813 217370_x_at FUS 3.083194636 2.020157598 6.22853907 217185_s_at ZNF259P 2.12213094 2.01870359 4.283953347 209440_at PRPS1 1.96119624 2.017207404 3.956139576 202717_s_at CDC16 1.48865743 2.006778883 2.987406295 217755_at HN1 2.17393426 2.004977961 4.35869028 220240_s_at TMCO3 1.493120375 1.998251536 2.983630084 202374_s_at RAB3GAP2 1.522123628 1.995232598 3.03699068 218667_at PJA1 1.901520148 1.988544742 3.781257892 214487_s_at RAP2B 1.798808852 1.98680507 3.573882547 214482_at ZBTB25 1.444479554 1.986280144 2.869141056 200892_s_at None 2.592728219 1.984339563 5.144853181 214578_s_at ROCK1 1.876752856 1.983334629 3.722228929 202805_s_at ABCC1 2.681482504 1.983204996 5.3179295 216971_s_at PLEC1 1.64471623 1.982496889 3.26064481 213983_s_at PDS5A 1.490802453 1.981316566 2.953751596 214512_s_at SUB1 3.675105323 1.979777191 7.275889693 203158_s_at GLS 1.491351667 1.97944427 2.95204751 217173_s_at LDLR 1.85074533 1.978787865 3.662232399 201532_at PSMA3 2.362792085 1.977378475 4.672134211 202654_x_at 40609 1.604587942 1.977157402 3.172522926 204119_s_at ADK 2.282387494 1.976686776 4.511565176 201435_s_at EIF4E 3.083953978 1.973211749 6.085294224 203746_s_at HCCS 1.939134041 1.973194975 3.826289544 221423_s_at YIPF5 1.668316103 1.973132717 3.291809086 213937_s_at FTSJ1 1.941970083 1.969166451 3.824062336 204460_s_at RAD1 2.162361229 1.967908359 4.255328739 219033_at PARP8 1.398324699 1.967407198 2.751074079 208669_s_at EID1 1.555665526 1.961097723 3.050812121 203972_s_at PEX3 2.054179435 1.959930733 4.026049406 204313_s_at CREB1 3.069832052 1.958661596 6.012762146 208351_s_at MAPK1 1.486244554 1.95211245 2.901316497 204369_at PIK3CA 1.539333248 1.950898837 3.003083444 201383_s_at LOC100133166 1.565841467 1.9502577 3.053794379 212877_at KLC1 1.941474125 1.946699176 3.779466079 221691_x_at NPM1 2.806407297 1.944773085 5.457825375 202899_s_at SFRS3 2.98782329 1.942129916 5.802740996 202431_s_at MYC 1.366134701 1.940207401 2.650584657 212579_at SMCHD1 1.416934893 1.938944256 2.747357772 210754_s_at LYN 1.5169722 1.938734801 2.941006796 217881_s_at CDC27 1.967633373 1.936408967 3.810142908 201898_s_at UBE2A 1.825859897 1.934083447 3.531365403 209591_s_at BMP7 1.563981451 1.930992555 3.020036538 213875_x_at C6orf62 1.741993209 1.929819334 3.361732175 218013_x_at DCTN4 3.280616912 1.928714868 6.327374613 210104_at MED6 1.422596942 1.927988377 2.74275037 203771_s_at BLVRA 1.960959033 1.922486407 3.769917085 205450_at PHKA1 1.563066311 1.921348999 3.003195891 204605_at CGRRF1 1.691254268 1.9204846 3.248027776 205895_s_at NOLC1 1.888061042 1.916137517 3.617784597 216202_s_at SPTLC2 1.560268428 1.914102512 2.986513717 210594_x_at MPZL1 1.576494807 1.908892885 3.00935972 200946_x_at GLUD1 2.275723163 1.908760039 4.343809434 222262_s_at ETNK1 2.106751762 1.902967673 4.009080498 217208_s_at DLG1 1.780715107 1.900818364 3.384815977 218393_s_at SMU1 2.021606976 1.899751232 3.840550343 203962_s_at NEBL 1.944918412 1.897796839 3.691060014 201151_s_at MBNL1 2.000818624 1.895876871 3.793305752 210667_s_at C21orf33 2.21899236 1.890806224 4.195684564 218582_at 40607 2.41258312 1.890753377 4.561599682 213358_at KIAA0802 3.034781681 1.886424203 5.724885613 201014_s_at PAICS 2.27434176 1.88621989 4.289908665 215936_s_at KIAA1033 2.352278365 1.884060525 4.43183481 201946_s_at CCT2 2.17555817 1.883271354 4.097166381 221620_s_at APOO 2.248586692 1.88119835 4.230037576 200723_s_at CAPRIN1 2.727328175 1.880202727 5.127929874 222150_s_at PION 1.353933589 1.880086424 2.54551216 219204_s_at SRR 1.885057105 1.87810516 3.540335476 201043_s_at ANP32A 1.864025489 1.875670879 3.496298328 209067_s_at HNRPDL 3.644546702 1.875353331 6.834812798 205219_s_at GALK2 1.306217167 1.871096185 2.444057959 212181_s_at NUDT4 1.808648769 1.869863933 3.381927101 216511_s_at TCF7L2 2.759986102 1.869342602 5.159359601 215933_s_at HHEX 2.575215254 1.868137934 4.810857305 204032_at BCAR3 1.63594675 1.867439924 3.055032273 205704_s_at ATP6V0A2 2.588256854 1.865541162 4.828499698 64883_at MOSPD2 1.439578532 1.865051641 2.684888305 204234_s_at ZNF195 1.303364359 1.86075718 2.425244589 216604_s_at SLC7A8 1.692540175 1.859888212 3.14793552 207614_s_at CUL1 2.424746803 1.859698872 4.509298893 218219_s_at LANCL2 1.460007041 1.85700175 2.71123563 200737_at PGK1 2.146220557 1.855637672 3.982607718 200624_s_at MATR3 2.559983934 1.854014902 4.746248361 216899_s_at SKAP2 1.682771266 1.853659606 3.119285122 201784_s_at C11orf58 2.504388646 1.845666167 4.622265392 205961_s_at PSIP1 1.676689692 1.843535948 3.09103772 201529_s_at RPA1 2.280069821 1.841240587 4.198157095 203560_at GGH 1.694347972 1.838605348 3.115237243 207469_s_at PIR 2.981131185 1.836347452 5.474392657 203347_s_at MTF2 1.63123664 1.82945714 2.984277519 207654_x_at DR1 1.810304468 1.828743668 3.310582834 204420_at FOSL1 1.720739795 1.82599387 3.142060317 218349_s_at ZWILCH 1.615259877 1.820016239 2.939799205 201580_s_at None 1.351483264 1.812336273 2.449342142 AFFX-HSAC07/X00351_M_at ACTB 2.432239795 1.812181095 4.407658976 219080_s_at CTPS2 2.10229726 1.81198194 3.809324668 207645_s_at CHD1L 1.602366975 1.810333947 2.90081933 202164_s_at CNOT8 2.427157406 1.807270619 4.386530269 214649_s_at MTMR2 1.71969127 1.804421571 3.103048024 200898_s_at MGEA5 1.818897612 1.803693479 3.280733762 210007_s_at GPD2 2.588257918 1.803152448 4.667023602 211762_s_at KPNA2 1.797907148 1.800025526 3.23627876 203622_s_at PNO1 1.655470396 1.799472422 2.978973322 200605_s_at PRKAR1A 1.685680308 1.798830658 3.032253417 204107_at NFYA 1.969136115 1.796005298 3.536578895 201872_s_at ABCE1 1.656617239 1.795248254 2.974039206 213376_at ZBTB1 1.458626378 1.794311647 2.617230299 219295_s_at PCOLCE2 1.302307275 1.794081355 2.336445202 203105_s_at DNM1L 2.68008164 1.794030748 4.808148871 209287_s_at CDC42EP3 1.745257512 1.793677798 3.13042965 203100_s_at CDYL 2.355642271 1.790950933 4.218839723 40148_at APBB2 1.970137706 1.790249794 3.527038622 211749_s_at VAMP3 2.798762451 1.786316317 4.999475034 213346_at C13orf27 2.057600675 1.784886046 3.672582733 218398_at MRPS30 1.985354839 1.784747773 3.543357629 210759_s_at PSMA1 2.328609093 1.784518733 4.155446549 210983_s_at MCM7 1.586515111 1.780472703 2.824746847 218989_x_at SLC30A5 2.039275649 1.769462854 3.60842251 201926_s_at CD55 1.394870382 1.768799421 2.467245924 208622_s_at LOC100129652 1.512571487 1.767094206 2.672856311 203199_s_at MTRR 1.331913811 1.766290216 2.352546333 202783_at NNT 1.844184219 1.766265624 3.257319189 212729_at DLG3 1.694875125 1.766102379 2.993322992 221381_s_at MORF4 1.858585203 1.764899891 3.280216823 210826_x_at RAD17 1.949768554 1.761883624 3.435265286 201747_s_at SAFB 1.855520619 1.760064493 3.265835956 204589_at NUAK1 1.310066452 1.759226217 2.304703249 204764_at FNTB 1.98200753 1.757864435 3.484100548 200753_x_at SFRS2 1.919199942 1.753375851 3.365078831 208739_x_at SUMO2 1.784042518 1.751779409 3.125248949 65591_at WDR48 1.560475026 1.747821798 2.727432266 201324_at EMP1 1.641375639 1.747817981 2.868825856 218342_s_at ERMP1 1.707647959 1.746673653 2.9827037 204453_at ZNF84 1.985952595 1.741047923 3.457638641 219081_at ANKHD1 1.400083241 1.740949353 2.437474012 212590_at RRAS2 2.010220788 1.738487098 3.494742904 212036_s_at PNN 2.078351828 1.737945783 3.612062796 212878_s_at KLC1 1.310411444 1.733831762 2.272032983 212065_s_at USP34 2.267225791 1.733375265 3.929953105 205173_x_at CD58 1.805540595 1.731083834 3.125542136 221987_s_at TSR1 1.440399056 1.725568694 2.485507517 201727_s_at ELAVL1 1.544487021 1.722014826 2.65962955 204493_at BID 1.843927759 1.717895759 3.167675677 215160_x_at LOC642236 1.564037428 1.717722976 2.686583026 207622_s_at ABCF2 2.925065102 1.717551756 5.023950704 218499_at RP6-213H19.1 1.958909223 1.716516549 3.362500099 214060_at SSBP1 1.653486358 1.713492555 2.833236564 201376_s_at HNRNPF 2.411905286 1.713218717 4.132121281 210278_s_at AP4S1 1.347073227 1.712497303 2.306859268 209157_at DNAJA2 1.593166845 1.710710575 2.725447369 216532_x_at LOC728344 1.368471933 1.708113442 2.337505304 217050_at EPAG 1.665548644 1.707483093 2.84389615 221641_s_at ACOT9 2.258418803 1.702191313 3.844260866 209027_s_at ABI1 1.707674524 1.701986231 2.906438527 200927_s_at RAB14 1.71796126 1.701474297 2.923066927 203640_at MBNL2 1.638458514 1.700599069 2.786361024 218049_s_at MRPL13 2.959996563 1.700415223 5.033223215 201457_x_at BUB3 1.943014648 1.700242306 3.303595706 211115_x_at SIP1 1.952542808 1.699466632 3.31828135 221517_s_at MED17 1.862629699 1.697038111 3.160953587 208899_x_at ATP6V1D 1.473385636 1.69396999 2.495871052 216100_s_at TOR1AIP1 1.556388622 1.690809973 2.631557403 209799_at PRKAA1 2.416051028 1.689889465 4.08285918 214513_s_at CREB1 2.314019119 1.688645747 3.907558545 221449_s_at ITFG1 2.57384445 1.684313697 4.335161461 217457_s_at RAP1GDS1 2.309262888 1.68409782 3.889024596 208708_x_at EIF5 2.559228954 1.682656872 4.306304186 208884_s_at UBR5 1.887298014 1.682286161 3.17497533 213288_at MBOAT2 1.804601421 1.680766545 3.033113696 211665_s_at SOS2 1.327393521 1.680536463 2.230733214 218073_s_at TMEM48 2.159127914 1.675769225 3.618200111 201452_at RHEB 1.541718694 1.669082329 2.573255427 202591_s_at SSBP1 2.709643371 1.668384632 4.520727359 206468_s_at None 2.408341445 1.667447284 4.015782401 218365_s_at DARS2 2.089395223 1.665973496 3.480877065 217738_at NAMPT 1.64757468 1.665687382 2.744344355 208992_s_at STAT3 1.817268372 1.664697531 3.025202172 208696_at CCT5 3.347314426 1.662153441 5.56375019 200803_s_at TMBIM6 1.919072378 1.658398812 3.182587351 203843_at RPS6KA3 1.789593816 1.656419832 2.964318688 214931_s_at SRPK2 1.331221274 1.656109732 2.204648508 215992_s_at RAPGEF2 1.467233268 1.655847593 2.429514675 219758_at TTC26 1.310808274 1.652860542 2.166583273 221513_s_at UTP14A 1.324396204 1.651753263 2.187575751 200604_s_at PRKAR1A 1.37394072 1.640602936 2.254091179 210216_x_at RAD1 2.050648978 1.638924251 3.360858341 208453_s_at XPNPEP1 3.614155507 1.636531415 5.914679028 221143_at RPA4 2.875057911 1.6352154 4.701338971 200950_at ARPC1A 1.369723294 1.634802419 2.239226954 211622_s_at ARF3 2.395617654 1.634236478 3.915005758 219079_at CYB5R4 1.48636266 1.630272381 2.423175993 200638_s_at YWHAZ 2.695488798 1.623538413 4.376229605 218801_at UGCGL2 1.540674517 1.618745112 2.493959343 206158_s_at CNBP 2.140468464 1.61757459 3.462367397 219974_x_at ECHDC1 2.299105846 1.614366752 3.711600039 200902_at 40801 2.823155055 1.613141202 4.554147738 208816_x_at ANXA2P2 1.661803035 1.612073614 2.678948825 205761_s_at DUS4L 1.616077615 1.60824473 2.599048308 222382_x_at NUP205 1.680914053 1.605584742 2.698849956 213047_x_at SET 1.572936169 1.604167248 2.523252685 208627_s_at YBX1 2.158234077 1.602719423 3.459043675 201929_s_at PKP4 1.78992883 1.598841107 2.861811792 215918_s_at SPTBN1 1.376150783 1.597505595 2.198408576 219715_s_at TDP1 1.535615916 1.596931355 2.452273206 221514_at UTP14A 1.67059454 1.596837751 2.667668427 210009_s_at GOSR2 3.336940126 1.596105018 5.326106879 212481_s_at TPM4 2.062458235 1.593715449 3.286971553 208846_s_at VDAC3 2.125878357 1.590527253 3.381267462 202429_s_at PPP3CA 1.359415454 1.58984136 2.161254914 201239_s_at SPCS2 2.459200834 1.582905963 3.892683665 200973_s_at TSPAN3 2.393244067 1.582115752 3.786389136 210283_x_at PAIP1 3.178238597 1.581918581 5.027714691 215424_s_at SNW1 3.479622213 1.579700452 5.496760782 200828_s_at ZNF207 3.257080306 1.579314584 5.143954429 217786_at PRMT5 3.127631044 1.579136751 4.938957126 202697_at NUDT21 1.610587638 1.576125298 2.538487921 221531_at WDR61 3.055148492 1.574491583 4.810305586 201308_s_at 40797 2.508473181 1.571221227 3.941366308 219217_at NARS2 1.387766483 1.569785801 2.178496121 211559_s_at CCNG2 1.367121034 1.569054822 2.14508785 201298_s_at MOBKL1B 2.02350442 1.567113018 3.171060119 209188_x_at DR1 1.875389338 1.566993949 2.938723744 202162_s_at CNOT8 1.627769586 1.565148155 2.547700565 215984_s_at ARFRP1 2.205054861 1.564043731 3.448802232 211793_s_at ABI2 1.306946066 1.562054006 2.041520338 206302_s_at NUDT4 1.324300016 1.559048495 2.064647946 220985_s_at RNF170 1.40955207 1.557396848 2.195231951 203518_at LYST 1.442937462 1.556874798 2.24647297 221482_s_at ARPP-19 1.967690852 1.556273556 3.062265241 200872_at S100A10 1.408379321 1.553299812 2.187635333 202635_s_at POLR2K 2.336974581 1.553117336 3.629595736 205053_at PRIM1 1.615025966 1.551761907 2.506135773 203267_s_at DRG2 1.545495219 1.551623447 2.398026619 209331_s_at MAX 2.860928216 1.55099038 4.437272142 210596_at MAGT1 2.153676795 1.550727733 3.339766334 218669_at RAP2C 1.58340239 1.550329121 2.454794835 204853_at ORC2L 2.222351537 1.549881396 3.444381304 209015_s_at DNAJB6 2.301551257 1.547839543 3.562432047 212871_at MAPKAPK5 1.911251193 1.546166256 2.955112101 215549_x_at CTAGE4 1.984462968 1.544431628 3.064867372 212436_at TRIM33 1.589120801 1.543111715 2.452190924 209545_s_at RIPK2 1.447619299 1.542484744 2.232930685 211681_s_at PDLIM5 1.4881733 1.536467464 2.286529855 208857_s_at PCMT1 1.487851828 1.535668553 2.284847264 207974_s_at SKP1 2.268842567 1.529735083 3.470728073 203345_s_at MTF2 1.645654837 1.528831494 2.515928943 200889_s_at SSR1 1.52518641 1.527997316 2.330480742 202579_x_at HMGN4 1.87403219 1.52444461 2.85685827 209452_s_at VTI1B 2.033874076 1.523081481 3.097755939 208683_at CAPN2 3.182044967 1.521472495 4.841393897 217725_x_at SERBP1 1.648728859 1.519827052 2.505782722 203091_at FUBP1 2.222991778 1.516032879 3.370128625 212168_at RBM12 2.214742007 1.515525251 3.356497436 209095_at DLD 1.449909894 1.514447403 2.195812273 201127_s_at ACLY 3.12071727 1.514428374 4.726102782 214074_s_at CTTN 1.876908804 1.512867612 2.83951454 203790_s_at HRSP12 1.882906753 1.511579742 2.846163703 209276_s_at GLRX 1.307837612 1.51033512 1.975273078 217821_s_at WBP11 1.92441363 1.509565748 2.9050289 212254_s_at DST 1.452259714 1.509319145 2.191923389 207275_s_at ACSL1 2.141852341 1.508733726 3.231484864 204976_s_at AMMECR1 2.146100159 1.507674514 3.235620514 209108_at TSPAN6 1.316756173 1.506118176 1.983190406 209139_s_at PRKRA 1.896384386 1.506083839 2.856113876 218842_at RPAP3 1.633348188 1.50290249 2.454763059 204023_at RFC4 1.734762441 1.498089554 2.598829491 208897_s_at DDX18 1.606458241 1.495794627 2.402931605 209853_s_at PSME3 2.503437843 1.494911649 3.742418394 208863_s_at SFRS1 1.93974053 1.489489996 2.889224114 211804_s_at CDK2 2.263003921 1.488800228 3.369160753 211337_s_at TUBGCP4 1.877768282 1.488744335 2.795516892 222035_s_at PAPOLA 2.326275607 1.482554296 3.448829896 201695_s_at NP 1.496300929 1.482384217 2.218092882 214107_x_at LOC729034 2.579341127 1.478763301 3.814235 209063_x_at LOC645139 2.873773705 1.478613139 4.249199559 221622_s_at TMEM126B 2.003278565 1.478505738 2.961858853 202925_s_at PLAGL2 1.821660891 1.478129058 2.692649897 212792_at DPY19L1 2.342197176 1.477321031 3.460177146 210092_at MAGOH 1.651328539 1.476593087 2.438340305 203319_s_at ZNF148 1.905016776 1.475794053 2.81141243 211725_s_at BID 1.504902931 1.471990547 2.215202888 202941_at NDUFV2 2.251626426 1.471671771 3.31365505 208761_s_at SUMO1 1.81702305 1.471602928 2.673936441 202691_at SNRPD1 1.469310693 1.471420847 2.161974385 200693_at YWHAQ 2.614028859 1.471130418 3.845577368 209600_s_at ACOX1 1.651048891 1.468561076 2.424666136 218479_s_at XPO4 1.312648993 1.463946225 1.921647539 203696_s_at RFC2 1.597162562 1.463896229 2.338080251 210988_s_at PRUNE 1.380714237 1.463768804 2.021046427 202179_at BLMH 1.607419002 1.461627422 2.349447691 209249_s_at GHITM 1.792309705 1.459574799 2.616010078 209069_s_at H3F3B 1.812905644 1.45774931 2.642761951 219283_at C1GALT1C1 2.402444697 1.457710996 3.502070052 203293_s_at LMAN1 1.370350102 1.457509743 1.997298625 209307_at SWAP70 1.609456923 1.454280037 2.340601072 203165_s_at SLC33A1 1.396760761 1.45170147 2.02767965 209386_at TM4SF1 1.389564972 1.451536674 2.017004517 212568_s_at DLAT 1.561320705 1.451081273 2.265603238 217383_at PGK1 1.812908111 1.444474343 2.618699253 202514_at DLG1 1.436436562 1.444372983 2.074750162 215084_s_at LRRC42 1.403113219 1.44216131 2.023515598 202736_s_at LSM4 2.063104166 1.44087161 2.972668221 201520_s_at GRSF1 2.768923028 1.440203356 3.987812239 216640_s_at PDIA6 1.920080901 1.439346328 2.763661395 202918_s_at MOBKL3 1.775574977 1.438343564 2.553886839 212896_at SKIV2L2 1.856382816 1.437559709 2.668661141 204459_at CSTF2 1.351823259 1.435897225 1.941079266 221547_at PRPF18 1.686304963 1.434174912 2.418456272 204350_s_at MED7 2.20724942 1.434119374 3.165459157 204132_s_at FOXO3 2.0775093 1.433409764 2.977922116 218167_at AMZ2 1.56002377 1.432832059 2.235252071 221770_at RPE 2.038201811 1.426881339 2.90827213 212247_at NUP205 1.996657583 1.425590164 2.846415411 220949_s_at C7orf49 1.775462772 1.425093304 2.530200107 219420_s_at C1orf163 1.536079783 1.424378949 2.187959707 212206_s_at H2AFV 1.476631435 1.423888483 2.102558493 201888_s_at IL13RA1 1.644265886 1.418737124 2.332781055 203338_at PPP2R5E 1.445189106 1.418212255 2.049584901 212470_at SPAG9 1.900750373 1.414221787 2.688082588 212985_at APBB2 1.838108524 1.410606773 2.592848333 AFFX- STAT1 2.171575542 1.410519986 3.063050703 HUMISGF3A/M97935_MA_at 216652_s_at DR1 1.645976487 1.41007552 2.320951151 212025_s_at FLII 1.863763208 1.4094925 2.626960265 210235_s_at PPFIA1 1.826897735 1.407654114 2.571640113 213423_x_at TUSC3 2.924887642 1.405606753 4.111241822 201914_s_at SEC63 1.475846941 1.405588966 2.074434176 213794_s_at NGDN 2.68075732 1.403064199 3.761274623 221676_s_at CORO1C 2.416045074 1.402820022 3.389276403 217955_at BCL2L13 2.776322697 1.401527999 3.891093994 1053_at RFC2 2.348767887 1.399291357 3.286610604 203142_s_at AP3B1 1.355600018 1.39835962 1.895616326 208653_s_at CD164 1.444092754 1.397652552 2.018339923 203893_at TAF9 1.485985978 1.397429894 2.076561227 208967_s_at AK2 2.355755406 1.39434318 3.284731485 209590_at BMP7 2.283284987 1.392422679 3.179297798 213182_x_at CDKN1C 1.461838265 1.39239315 2.035453588 217960_s_at TOMM22 1.36926067 1.390552073 1.904028263 220121_at LINS1 1.388764348 1.389330413 1.929452545 208642_s_at XRCC5 2.734559153 1.388750112 3.797619331 212460_at C14orf147 2.130658664 1.388322767 2.958041932 218462_at BXDC5 1.445013025 1.385195352 2.001625327 203492_x_at CEP57 1.481318788 1.38433419 2.050640244 201144_s_at EIF2S1 2.296906988 1.382990409 3.176600336 201021_s_at DSTN 1.375569584 1.377552065 1.894918721 210765_at CSE1L 1.888082513 1.377005105 2.59989926 209860_s_at ANXA7 1.981716562 1.374606748 2.724080959 217743_s_at TMEM30A 1.691655863 1.373200169 2.322982118 202232_s_at EIF3M 2.265070641 1.372754789 3.109386571 217465_at NCKAP1 1.605273277 1.372692034 2.203545839 212225_at EIF1 1.459062087 1.366215843 1.993393739 202078_at COPS3 1.429676324 1.361443734 1.946423872 208643_s_at XRCC5 1.673976464 1.359822975 2.276311656 214449_s_at RHOQ 2.806843503 1.357447718 3.810143309 218172_s_at DERL1 1.649641783 1.353818249 2.233315149 208980_s_at UBC 2.907060914 1.353353595 3.934281339 219200_at FASTKD3 2.006734371 1.351116324 2.711331566 201920_at SLC20A1 2.039190814 1.349329328 2.751539971 212342_at YIPF6 1.685404068 1.346786945 2.269880196 221703_at BRIP1 2.229833737 1.345712886 3.000715993 208800_at SRP72 1.931580099 1.344988072 2.597952193 207845_s_at ANAPC10 2.623981484 1.344668061 3.528384094 209445_x_at C7orf44 1.796042127 1.344466157 2.414717856 202467_s_at COPS2 1.835151639 1.339889895 2.458901136 205324_s_at FTSJ1 1.96710661 1.339358242 2.63466045 201619_at PRDX3 3.144912921 1.337394361 4.205988808 209628_at NXT2 1.521182161 1.336594414 2.033203579 202566_s_at SVIL 1.398041356 1.335993399 1.867774023 211963_s_at ARPC5 2.620643407 1.333803471 3.495423271 219356_s_at CHMP5 2.632500762 1.333731772 3.511049906 204113_at CUGBP1 1.934481976 1.33209682 2.576917288 213031_s_at WDR73 1.88977161 1.331103312 2.515481249 218118_s_at TIMM23 1.491773804 1.331068384 1.985652946 204752_x_at PARP2 1.342312529 1.329523539 1.784636104 204361_s_at SKAP2 1.817740902 1.328286769 2.414481189 200996_at ACTR3 1.719495333 1.327397642 2.28245405 215090_x_at LOC440434 2.631244092 1.326699384 3.490869916 203582_s_at RAB4A 1.920379278 1.324613453 2.543760227 214141_x_at SFRS7 2.275223525 1.322769474 3.009596226 211139_s_at NAB1 1.307016007 1.321133543 1.726742688 218238_at GTPBP4 1.523635665 1.320792135 2.012406003 217744_s_at PERP 1.690111912 1.320226921 2.231331245 209804_at DCLRE1A 1.553579859 1.314947717 2.042876288 209520_s_at NCBP1 1.877143552 1.313859518 2.466302923 217848_s_at PPA1 2.626231962 1.313356722 3.449179401 203087_s_at KIF2A 2.986602338 1.312625734 3.920291086 205004_at NKRF 1.897369459 1.312411018 2.490128583 200881_s_at DNAJA1 1.453689005 1.309878482 1.904155947 220369_at SMEK1 1.551966847 1.309793799 2.032756551 204725_s_at NCK1 1.950765079 1.307663852 2.550944978 202131_s_at RIOK3 1.610653144 1.306374261 2.104115812 209861_s_at METAP2 2.847167296 1.304177624 3.713211878 215220_s_at TPR 2.347029142 1.303847313 3.06016764 219449_s_at TMEM70 2.56580495 1.303528797 3.34460064 218568_at AGK 1.516241312 1.302931351 1.975558341 201020_at YWHAH 1.331326594 1.300163262 1.730941927 200739_s_at SUMO3 1.885745604 1.300150473 2.45175304 209902_at ATR 1.970785581 1.299224269 2.560492455 206238_s_at YAF2 2.664532984 1.298898255 3.460957242 209796_s_at CNPY2 1.631111868 1.29691293 2.115410072 200755_s_at CALU 1.311506775 1.295111311 1.698547259 201485_s_at RCN2 1.657130457 1.294553451 2.145243952 201899_s_at UBE2A 2.063824956 1.293427853 2.669408682 207551_s_at MSL3 2.04075172 1.293344301 2.639394608 204336_s_at RGS19 1.337611315 1.29266689 1.729085858 219399_at LIN7C 1.67104856 1.290297163 2.156149216 204643_s_at ENOX2 1.54509483 1.28671248 1.9880928 219158_s_at NARG1 1.579622116 1.285910184 2.031252166 202753_at PSMD6 1.910806528 1.28309699 2.451750106 203594_at RTCD1 1.349606005 1.283035193 1.731592 205282_at LRP8 1.313835549 1.280945315 1.682951492 217739_s_at NAMPT 1.338718745 1.277438693 1.710131124 209330_s_at HNRNPD 1.7694121 1.276612209 2.25885309 213823_at HOXA11 2.002986235 1.275943108 2.555696481 202061_s_at SEL1L 1.704458684 1.275711178 2.174396995 201518_at CBX1 1.528466201 1.274766176 1.948437014 201222_s_at RAD23B 1.352475798 1.272249432 1.720686566 219099_at C12orf5 2.255702781 1.271286679 2.867644898 201653_at CNIH 1.747162242 1.270401012 2.219596681 201317_s_at PSMA2 2.188657485 1.269682847 2.778900865 200883_at UQCRC2 1.813732854 1.269213877 2.302014908 201196_s_at AMD1 1.361616865 1.267894099 1.726385988 206854_s_at MAP3K7 1.408291117 1.264505353 1.780791657 201121_s_at PGRMC1 2.629952894 1.263293359 3.322402024 221477_s_at SOD2 1.617288663 1.262090148 2.041164089 202100_at RALB 1.440404461 1.261859151 1.817587551 212678_at NF1 2.445644792 1.26087184 3.083644648 212378_at GART 1.872755408 1.260810892 2.361190417 202290_at PDAP1 1.945050804 1.260380261 2.45150364 203415_at PDCD6 2.438808276 1.260120752 3.073192918 201132_at HNRNPH2 1.958201637 1.257565746 2.462567301 221194_s_at RNFT1 1.96289022 1.254368329 2.462187325 217932_at MRPS7 1.36066133 1.253888142 1.706117107 219819_s_at MRPS28 1.316340573 1.252244181 1.648379823 202165_at PPP1R2 1.770237061 1.24986162 2.21255136 212121_at TCTN3 1.518353655 1.249373363 1.896990613 209022_at STAG2 1.479190807 1.248694284 1.847057107 222122_s_at THOC2 1.772371644 1.247647677 2.211295364 219030_at TPRKB 1.715111767 1.246286003 2.137519789 201274_at PSMA5 2.271368732 1.24508649 2.828050522 210540_s_at B4GALT4 1.412508994 1.244484617 1.757845714 211666_x_at RPL3 1.667832434 1.244145576 2.075026344 209049_s_at ZMYND8 1.329243714 1.244082014 1.653688197 215227_x_at ACP1 2.005170169 1.243515919 2.493461024 217099_s_at GEMIN4 1.642599155 1.238629926 2.03457247 212260_at GIGYF2 1.424253378 1.237868691 1.763038665 212749_s_at RCHY1 1.767133121 1.231906444 2.176942679 208600_s_at GPR39 1.562086549 1.231118329 1.923113382 204699_s_at C1orf107 2.417518298 1.225284726 2.962148245 216977_x_at SNRPA1 1.472912895 1.221479411 1.799132775 213503_x_at ANXA2 1.47351781 1.22054792 1.798499098 201847_at LIPA 1.64057093 1.219816272 2.001195116 210427_x_at ANXA2 1.48285211 1.216254917 1.80352617 221437_s_at MRPS15 2.627909323 1.215567555 3.194401312 204496_at STRN3 1.590631013 1.21216869 1.928113112 215773_x_at PARP2 1.460768327 1.212122351 1.770629939 203465_at MRPL19 2.516133409 1.211040169 3.04713863 209175_at SEC23IP 2.643364265 1.209556591 3.197298667 208047_s_at NAB1 1.414264994 1.209140222 1.710044689 217745_s_at NAT13 2.611285181 1.208582541 3.155953679 200593_s_at HNRNPU 1.885496633 1.207563996 2.276857849 203676_at GNS 2.205775503 1.207212447 2.662839643 221808_at RAB9A 2.288627876 1.207180221 2.762786306 205480_s_at UGP2 1.971063714 1.205737218 2.376584879 205084_at BCAP29 1.564322859 1.205734759 1.886158445 217890_s_at PARVA 1.698005147 1.205182209 2.046405593 209856_x_at ABI2 1.450400501 1.204628447 1.747193703 201590_x_at ANXA2 1.457991337 1.204199844 1.75571294 202142_at COPS8 2.108343246 1.203365507 2.53710754 204216_s_at ZC3H14 1.978143175 1.201792133 2.377316906 213655_at YWHAE 1.601369147 1.2008877 1.923064511 218360_at RAB22A 1.303302581 1.19647849 1.559373504 211505_s_at STAU1 1.76919242 1.196077255 2.116090814 211376_s_at NSMCE4A 2.280564721 1.195625285 2.726700845 218558_s_at MRPL39 2.551562215 1.195344509 3.049995883 218668_s_at RAP2C 1.738870345 1.193566999 2.075458259 218598_at RINT1 1.309713056 1.191875601 1.561015036 201068_s_at PSMC2 1.476902117 1.187650352 1.754043319 202413_s_at USP1 1.402708554 1.183654404 1.660322158 210573_s_at POLR3C 1.659846749 1.183651773 1.964680548 211672_s_at ARPC4 1.487661421 1.180954738 1.756860804 210907_s_at PDCD10 1.861413457 1.179532864 2.195598347 201699_at PSMC6 1.745734526 1.178517851 2.057379303 209085_x_at RFC1 2.01168279 1.177646545 2.369051287 219649_at ALG6 1.319615263 1.171947032 1.546519191 202214_s_at CUL4B 1.317906852 1.169976149 1.541919583 220588_at BCAS4 1.507272705 1.169535205 1.762808492 202704_at TOB1 1.886258782 1.167866731 2.202898878 220631_at OSGEPL1 1.359068963 1.167513883 1.586731882 211714_x_at TUBB 1.408309913 1.166225406 1.6424068 203433_at MTHFS 2.465168399 1.166221415 2.874932179 200984_s_at CD59 1.872443713 1.166001916 2.183272957 202300_at HBXIP 1.600645781 1.164756376 1.864362379 212522_at PDE8A 2.070625886 1.164330692 2.41089327 200934_at DEK 1.600975187 1.162582588 1.861265875 206052_s_at SLBP 2.044749077 1.161793194 2.375575562 206992_s_at ATP5S 1.573294949 1.161792426 1.827842156 218229_s_at POGK 1.931136715 1.160648596 2.241371117 220607_x_at TH1L 1.624138601 1.157335922 1.879673945 209026_x_at TUBB 1.339232027 1.157295098 1.549886659 218894_s_at MAGOHB 2.547781573 1.152313492 2.935843083 211098_x_at TMCO1 1.44965992 1.151305174 1.669000966 202776_at DNTTIP2 1.490770196 1.151113443 1.716045612 202309_at MTHFD1 2.452917899 1.149033747 2.818485445 218123_at C21orf59 2.306312857 1.14541641 2.641688593 202487_s_at H2AFV 1.678083479 1.144742393 1.920973298 219207_at EDC3 1.550721147 1.143491714 1.773236781 200669_s_at UBE2D3 1.710477458 1.142271275 1.953829266 213754_s_at PAIP1 2.146455154 1.14203657 2.451330282 201091_s_at CBX3 1.78117428 1.141450885 2.033122959 201825_s_at SCCPDH 1.799452009 1.140886531 2.05297056 200821_at LAMP2 1.461459313 1.132839508 1.655598848 200033_at DDX5 1.804770566 1.131881784 2.042786929 219275_at PDCD5 1.34682981 1.131798226 1.524339589 219675_s_at UXS1 1.89504069 1.131679309 2.144578339 221265_s_at C15orf44 1.31328861 1.131291652 1.485712441 208778_s_at TCP1 2.981865002 1.130528822 3.371084328 200072_s_at HNRNPM 2.197044605 1.129623583 2.481833398 213404_s_at RHEB 1.795463964 1.129541364 2.028050815 201676_x_at PSMA1 1.693705389 1.123113931 1.902224117 207630_s_at CREM 1.826174639 1.122977774 2.050753531 218482_at ENY2 1.728441072 1.121873474 1.939092191 219177_at BXDC2 1.566939321 1.119250473 1.753797576 201351_s_at YME1L1 1.563937886 1.119099455 1.750202036 204833_at ATG12 1.471241459 1.116822476 1.64311553 217879_at CDC27 1.532441995 1.11421814 1.707474668 208066_s_at GTF2B 1.738925966 1.113616801 1.936497172 205061_s_at EXOSC9 1.744404488 1.108937469 1.934435497 211746_x_at PSMA1 1.92075732 1.108466983 2.129096072 206989_s_at SFRS2IP 1.443981407 1.107620695 1.59938369 212712_at CAMSAP1 2.929425932 1.099489787 3.220873894 202522_at PITPNB 2.038690095 1.097788 2.238049522 201931_at ETFA 2.12688323 1.097214409 2.333646927 202483_s_at RANBP1 1.353211584 1.097176204 1.484711549 204832_s_at BMPR1A 1.577462333 1.096348904 1.7294491 217834_s_at SYNCRIP 1.560206423 1.095211275 1.708755665 217907_at MRPL18 2.147311556 1.09029789 2.341209259 210028_s_at ORC3L 1.792968924 1.090105647 1.954525548 208663_s_at TTC3 1.868486178 1.09005312 2.036749188 211985_s_at CALM1 1.580325736 1.089944897 1.722467972 200084_at C11orf58 1.343427712 1.089078977 1.463098879 210947_s_at MSH3 1.707578336 1.088946004 1.859460605 218866_s_at POLR3K 2.788547828 1.088906734 3.036468509 209284_s_at C3orf63 1.936777189 1.085024443 2.101450591 200664_s_at DNAJB1 1.601871082 1.08486607 1.737815586 208842_s_at GORASP2 1.619492897 1.083454843 1.754647423 214875_x_at APLP2 1.371245746 1.079240114 1.479903415 217956_s_at ENOPH1 2.054064392 1.076423389 2.211042954 214251_s_at NUMA1 1.999738336 1.075832553 2.1513836 211594_s_at MRPL9 1.893239597 1.075382128 2.035956027 214711_at GATC 1.523931402 1.072870491 1.634981031 202055_at KPNA1 2.57232619 1.070953199 2.754840963 212986_s_at TLK2 1.319185196 1.067075218 1.40766983 200057_s_at NONO 1.835343153 1.066075545 1.956614452 212833_at SLC25A46 1.613710674 1.066035032 1.72027211 210011_s_at EWSR1 2.2666392 1.06547367 2.415044386 203197_s_at C1orf123 1.542757873 1.064733551 1.642626069 209247_s_at ABCF2 1.829166363 1.064606441 1.947342292 217322_x_at None 1.483396954 1.064337323 1.578834742 204835_at POLA1 1.740577924 1.064212557 1.852344883 210460_s_at PSMD4 1.82127519 1.06370444 1.937298507 201202_at PCNA 2.902603153 1.063235338 3.086150245 212711_at CAMSAP1 3.015680277 1.060250423 3.197376289 218343_s_at GTF3C3 1.527224774 1.051765909 1.606282953 203194_s_at NUP98 3.600121644 1.047492969 3.771102111 214795_at ZMYND8 1.408715193 1.046995753 1.474918824 219193_at WDR70 2.030537173 1.046750553 2.125465907 216988_s_at PTP4A2 3.152632595 1.046441622 3.299045966 219924_s_at ZMYM6 1.713159312 1.044637406 1.789630301 217832_at SYNCRIP 1.425524047 1.044264874 1.48862469 AFFX- GAPDH 2.026948073 1.041558691 2.111185382 HUMGAPDH/M33197_5_at 202679_at NPC1 1.649772294 1.035926071 1.70904213 218488_at EIF2B3 1.542799096 1.034417115 1.595897789 208679_s_at ARPC2 2.041612902 1.033674628 2.110363456 201947_s_at CCT2 2.546236768 1.032420954 2.628788194 214550_s_at TNPO3 1.524506584 1.031223997 1.572107773 213180_s_at GOSR2 2.294370255 1.028469234 2.359689218 212196_at IL6ST 2.276028252 1.027311266 2.338189465 220363_s_at ELMO2 2.367346104 1.026366146 2.429763896 205459_s_at NPAS2 1.898708173 1.025338979 1.946819499 218827_s_at CEP192 1.672448682 1.019750623 1.705480585 218569_s_at KBTBD4 1.403624183 1.018774915 1.429977108 214155_s_at LARP4 1.623577698 1.017634322 1.652208389 201318_s_at None 1.89854344 1.015340623 1.927668279 210458_s_at TANK 1.458218241 1.013704645 1.478202604 214300_s_at TOP3A 1.620416365 1.010831718 1.637968259 200750_s_at RAN 3.702048329 1.010349572 3.740362945 208777_s_at PSMD11 2.98886846 1.009114033 3.016109106 206044_s_at BRAF 1.601772835 1.006435889 1.612081666 201713_s_at RANBP2 1.580830724 1.005664552 1.589785422 209084_s_at RFC1 1.704828972 1.004906965 1.713194508 209450_at OSGEP 1.618671407 1.000600785 1.619643881 208784_s_at KLHDC3 1.482802962 −1.000826666 −1.484028745 212802_s_at GAPVD1 1.469647658 −1.002074397 −1.472696291 215404_x_at FGFR1 2.114629318 −1.002918355 −2.120800558 202344_at HSF1 1.393076203 −1.003024455 −1.397289499 208030_s_at ADD1 1.334480877 −1.003056452 −1.338559654 202096_s_at TSPO 1.815305968 −1.005254938 −1.824845289 212890_at SLC38A10 1.452079175 −1.005357976 −1.45985938 203503_s_at PEX14 2.200875697 −1.00775994 −2.217954361 215208_x_at RPL35A 1.617639198 −1.009017763 −1.632226684 206106_at MAPK12 1.922872323 −1.009491852 −1.941123944 201441_at COX6B1 1.599172645 −1.010417311 −1.615831725 202187_s_at PPP2R5A 1.969988772 −1.010554489 −1.990780997 201949_x_at CAPZB 3.462272546 −1.011356568 −3.501592078 212152_x_at ARID1A 1.845864443 −1.011577337 −1.867234637 213279_at DHRS1 1.316654435 −1.011754964 −1.332131661 213660_s_at TOP3B 1.304227021 −1.012885443 −1.321032563 218745_x_at TMEM161A 1.490856425 −1.013016727 −1.510262495 218132_s_at TSEN34 2.030835765 −1.013658794 −2.058574531 205205_at RELB 1.551169347 −1.014122501 −1.573075737 206056_x_at SPN 2.228448991 −1.015262893 −2.262461568 219379_x_at ZNF358 2.666252538 −1.01539055 −2.707287631 203155_at SETDB1 1.93717193 −1.016223924 −1.968600459 203080_s_at BAZ2B 2.4832914 −1.016822231 −2.525065901 202876_s_at PBX2 1.42310765 −1.018200552 −1.449008995 212384_at BAT1 1.906111996 −1.018707893 −1.941771335 218240_at NKIRAS2 1.454898989 −1.020015426 −1.484019412 221907_at TRMT61A 1.591331097 −1.020185056 −1.623452204 222200_s_at BSDC1 2.351120368 −1.02094202 −2.400357579 204449_at PDCL 1.75477169 −1.021188458 −1.791952596 208728_s_at CDC42 1.886044393 −1.022036714 −1.927606615 213517_at PCBP2 1.66249641 −1.024656931 −1.703488469 208713_at HNRNPUL1 2.327941966 −1.025244483 −2.386709657 214808_at None 1.327825902 −1.025945143 −1.362276534 221769_at SPSB3 1.550328998 −1.02659998 −1.591567719 32029_at PDPK1 1.413696206 −1.027494815 −1.452565522 205449_at SAC3D1 1.766242085 −1.030677723 −1.820426371 218335_x_at TNIP2 1.345279293 −1.030832542 −1.386757673 219838_at TTC23 1.489952146 −1.031821081 −1.537364033 203643_at ERF 1.646088957 −1.032500297 −1.699587337 218155_x_at TSR1 3.287067186 −1.032780752 −3.394819719 219333_s_at CAPN10 2.84724133 −1.033201937 −2.941775258 211752_s_at NDUFS7 1.430551238 −1.036118244 −1.482220237 207798_s_at ATXN2L 2.144606495 −1.036412949 −2.222697941 201059_at CTTN 1.979340363 −1.046366307 −2.071115066 221767_x_at HDLBP 2.22624431 −1.046553412 −2.329883578 202044_at GRLF1 2.288050875 −1.046939578 −2.395451018 213474_at KCTD7 1.878068745 −1.047863089 −1.967958916 45572_s_at GGA1 1.62242486 −1.048483031 −1.701084934 212101_at KPNA6 1.348450329 −1.050555557 −1.416621986 211040_x_at GTSE1 1.524896361 −1.051670923 −1.603689163 209238_at STX3 2.517779852 −1.054478598 −2.654944968 220079_s_at USP48 2.015952931 −1.054512448 −2.12584746 212111_at STX12 1.505427504 −1.055590107 −1.589114379 203055_s_at ARHGEF1 2.009297052 −1.057294233 −2.124418186 218962_s_at TMEM168 1.886018752 −1.057349697 −1.994181355 214017_s_at DHX34 2.043872457 −1.061425636 −2.169418623 221904_at FAM131A 1.696308255 −1.061742087 −1.801041867 221818_at INTS5 2.198366598 −1.062690288 −2.336182833 213227_at PGRMC2 1.828473418 −1.065101929 −1.947510565 208190_s_at LSR 1.306665003 −1.066212905 −1.393183088 210723_x_at NCRNA00093 1.451538068 −1.067345712 −1.549292933 215928_at None 2.814102427 −1.068726681 −3.007506346 38340_at HIP1R 1.314192763 −1.069800917 −1.405924623 44696_at TBC1D13 1.806260133 −1.072353276 −1.936948972 219002_at FASTKD1 2.148590531 −1.072495505 −2.304353686 218893_at ISOC2 1.414576845 −1.073262644 −1.518212484 39705_at SIN3B 2.411083923 −1.074027251 −2.589569839 204859_s_at APAF1 1.661528314 −1.076871013 −1.789251679 216144_at None 2.117415434 −1.078339683 −2.283293087 57539_at LIME1 1.575271952 −1.07942853 −1.700393487 77508_r_at RABEP2 1.381375832 −1.080251955 −1.492233943 212209_at MED13L 1.705004241 −1.082318405 −1.84535747 208238_x_at None 2.099608752 −1.083256258 −2.274414319 36129_at SGSM2 1.63896054 −1.083701737 −1.776144385 221762_s_at PCIF1 1.410609602 −1.08401939 −1.52912816 221998_s_at VRK3 1.810643557 −1.084219964 −1.963135893 215595_x_at None 2.280164319 −1.084806907 −2.473538003 203950_s_at CLCN6 1.366850596 −1.085631592 −1.483896188 206848_at HOXA7 1.513239102 −1.086619429 −1.644315009 203938_s_at TAF1C 1.972025332 −1.086663585 −2.142928117 217446_x_at None 2.916940517 −1.088856251 −3.176128917 212218_s_at FASN 1.361863444 −1.089581548 −1.483861279 210649_s_at ARID1A 2.43563006 −1.089812853 −2.654380945 218407_x_at NENF 1.321787616 −1.090518128 −1.441433357 213313_at RABGAP1 1.903615468 −1.090813947 −2.076490303 213842_x_at NSUN5C 1.449507485 −1.091160398 −1.581645165 215568_x_at LYPLA2 3.152302348 −1.091412815 −3.44046318 219186_at ZBTB7A 1.538252589 −1.091666786 −1.679259259 202702_at TRIM26 1.560329804 −1.091963266 −1.703822829 205370_x_at DBT 2.542941759 −1.093809929 −2.781494946 209561_at THBS3 1.522006015 −1.095757097 −1.667748892 212329_at SCAP 2.171960858 −1.095770342 −2.379970291 212319_at SGSM2 1.91585642 −1.095946156 −2.09967548 221005_s_at PTDSS2 1.314867674 −1.097203281 −1.442677126 220777_at KIF13A 1.701899703 −1.097629282 −1.868054949 218697_at NCKIPSD 1.35305395 −1.098017729 −1.485677225 203916_at NDST2 1.852983293 −1.098219039 −2.034981532 219696_at DENND1B 1.697859163 −1.099139452 −1.866183991 218522_s_at MAP1S 1.360923248 −1.099976932 −1.496984178 206048_at OVOL2 3.021096232 −1.103642702 −3.33421081 53968_at INTS5 2.36840069 −1.10373821 −2.614094338 210705_s_at TRIM5 2.064779808 −1.106432384 −2.284539246 41858_at FRAG1 2.198426837 −1.107128574 −2.433941169 56829_at TRAPPC9 1.546952665 −1.112065172 −1.72031218 202960_s_at MUT 1.514713865 −1.112605973 −1.685279694 218777_at REEP4 2.309235559 −1.11371257 −2.571824669 206487_at UNC84A 1.554758364 −1.114065862 −1.732103217 216211_at None 1.469059515 −1.114275125 −1.636936475 211424_x_at METTL7A 2.468993547 −1.114677148 −2.752130685 40446_at PHF1 2.010071638 −1.11651711 −2.244279376 201701_s_at PGRMC2 2.198116095 −1.117260565 −2.455868431 221506_s_at TNPO2 2.725267909 −1.118320622 −3.047723302 222128_at NSUN6 1.588766535 −1.11946795 −1.778573216 203174_s_at ARFRP1 1.970915219 −1.119530527 −2.206499754 217544_at LOC729806 1.60267632 −1.120128262 −1.795203041 50277_at GGA1 2.002695778 −1.120556288 −2.244133348 215179_x_at PGF 2.800194226 −1.120901205 −3.138741082 213685_at None 1.320764522 −1.121949357 −1.481830906 217855_x_at SDF4 1.503430313 −1.122109067 −1.687012787 215529_x_at DIP2A 2.149185791 −1.123734956 −2.4151152 205750_at BPHL 1.659177158 −1.124316708 −1.8654406 202040_s_at JARID1A 2.999059476 −1.125272401 −3.374758858 202354_s_at GTF2F1 1.536238603 −1.125726194 −1.729384035 201933_at CHMP1A 2.734257401 −1.125771316 −3.078148553 221848_at ZGPAT 2.137222507 −1.126703624 −2.408016343 206257_at CCDC9 3.173965176 −1.126782132 −3.576367249 203825_at BRD3 2.478184732 −1.127039298 −2.793011582 213445_at ZC3H3 1.496739729 −1.130220864 −1.691646469 221006_s_at SNX27 1.40918 −1.131907074 −1.59506081 219019_at LRDD 2.343558266 −1.132868297 −2.654942863 215600_x_at FBXW12 2.008105276 −1.133664349 −2.276517359 209413_at B4GALT2 1.925033332 −1.13478666 −2.184502145 211779_x_at AP2A2 2.087044635 −1.135129588 −2.369066116 38892_at KIAA0240 1.989350046 −1.137038178 −2.26196695 221267_s_at FAM108A1 1.385404424 −1.138954029 −1.57791195 211136_s_at CLPTM1 1.963008596 −1.139554384 −2.236955053 203686_at MPG 3.080184168 −1.141015134 −3.51453675 219290_x_at DAPP1 3.919956087 −1.141779035 −4.475723678 217729_s_at AES 1.413686086 −1.143904241 −1.617121509 220113_x_at POLR1B 2.264493557 −1.14450777 −2.591730471 208759_at NCSTN 2.526905059 −1.144701098 −2.892550997 214188_at None 1.486858048 −1.148276918 −1.707324777 203749_s_at RARA 2.0587962 −1.149463334 −2.366510745 206551_x_at KLHL24 2.075517893 −1.149723803 −2.386272326 213460_x_at NSUN5C 1.571506653 −1.149911628 −1.807093775 220525_s_at AUP1 1.962660138 −1.151245596 −2.25950384 219224_x_at ZNF408 1.599567741 −1.153268972 −1.844731844 202292_x_at LYPLA2 2.640061742 −1.15385245 −3.046241708 213127_s_at MED8 2.137645183 −1.155550716 −2.470157422 214751_at ZNF468 2.130163788 −1.155561389 −2.461535025 203831_at R3HDM2 2.705415753 −1.15565704 −3.126532762 222125_s_at P4HTM 1.317773926 −1.158373757 −1.526474733 203522_at CCS 1.550081411 −1.159156225 −1.796786517 203330_s_at STX5 1.648655201 −1.159984378 −1.912414278 215373_x_at IBD12 2.136370954 −1.160660846 −2.47960212 202102_s_at BRD4 2.597533269 −1.161982993 −3.018289481 218251_at MID1IP1 1.442544038 −1.16359218 −1.678532962 46256_at SPSB3 1.86329339 −1.164065779 −2.168996072 214722_at NOTCH2NL 1.869770011 −1.164266381 −2.176910363 44617_at OGFOD2 1.821716859 −1.16514517 −2.122564599 212147_at SMG5 2.601667114 −1.165453395 −3.03212177 37012_at CAPZB 3.64434435 −1.16682018 −4.252294531 204275_at SOLH 2.031531391 −1.169215495 −2.37529798 216858_x_at None 2.663107334 −1.169428513 −3.114313649 38710_at OTUB1 1.354110286 −1.17077327 −1.585356127 219630_at PDZK1IP1 1.31790619 −1.17093164 −1.543178057 215978_x_at LOC152719 2.192300333 −1.172277312 −2.569983942 216813_at None 2.417917934 −1.17341201 −2.837213942 221943_x_at RPL38 1.612040337 −1.175275083 −1.89459084 209352_s_at SIN3B 1.862577856 −1.175539934 −2.189534649 220319_s_at MYLIP 1.940369434 −1.177073664 −2.28395776 218189_s_at NANS 1.802514524 −1.177720258 −2.122857869 219188_s_at MACROD1 1.52753803 −1.178385057 −1.800027989 211996_s_at LOC23117 1.407673281 −1.179399372 −1.660208983 215846_at None 1.422992454 −1.179894242 −1.678980604 200747_s_at NUMA1 2.220198103 −1.179913496 −2.619641705 215588_x_at RIOK3 1.57466384 −1.181014785 −1.859701277 219999_at MAN2A2 1.796581071 −1.181130083 −2.121995949 218523_at LHPP 1.683842117 −1.181954568 −1.990224883 219625_s_at COL4A3BP 1.453406448 −1.182586024 −1.718778152 215067_x_at PRDX2 2.402345483 −1.184195978 −2.844847858 219907_at FRS3 2.194057237 −1.185177901 −2.60034815 214682_at LOC399491 1.473383789 −1.185983725 −1.747409195 222057_at NOL12 1.337112378 −1.187019642 −1.587178656 205980_s_at PRR5 1.417456161 −1.189925076 −1.68666663 205441_at OCEL1 1.937467289 −1.190341707 −2.30624812 201598_s_at INPPL1 2.595136884 −1.19157117 −3.092290293 203795_s_at BCL7A 1.601365436 −1.191956497 −1.908757936 217734_s_at WDR6 1.619295904 −1.192721779 −1.931369491 219966_x_at BANP 3.295715922 −1.192893236 −3.93143723 203421_at TP53I11 1.346100534 −1.194848772 −1.60838657 219354_at KLHL26 1.689888629 −1.196834388 −2.022516823 218821_at NPEPL1 1.447497808 −1.196871672 −1.732469121 202356_s_at GTF2F1 2.761565699 −1.197874509 −3.308009156 202109_at ARFIP2 1.462207326 −1.198609104 −1.752615012 214198_s_at DGCR2 1.572635235 −1.199263231 −1.886003613 209262_s_at NR2F6 1.550749294 −1.199758919 −1.860525297 215281_x_at POGZ 1.898405128 −1.203443591 −2.284623484 214030_at CRYBG3 1.518115963 −1.205533883 −1.830140232 212177_at SFRS18 1.316474002 −1.205561957 −1.587090974 212001_at SFRS14 1.434517004 −1.208414192 −1.733490707 216117_at EXOSC2 1.743912881 −1.209377039 −2.109048198 207730_x_at None 2.153453769 −1.209746019 −2.605132125 207435_s_at SRRM2 1.511049329 −1.210110098 −1.828536051 200714_x_at OS9 1.93320442 −1.21099311 −2.341097232 214902_x_at None 2.750175532 −1.21205972 −3.333376985 201224_s_at SRRM1 2.376226378 −1.212936704 −2.882212191 221649_s_at PPAN 1.612345114 −1.213934578 −1.957281485 222190_s_at C16orf58 1.69559413 −1.215366883 −2.060768952 218530_at FHOD1 2.102120414 −1.216277968 −2.556762747 39729_at PRDX2 2.583346819 −1.217193284 −3.144432399 41657_at STK11 2.080088188 −1.218987819 −2.535602164 212359_s_at KIAA0913 2.534777823 −1.219186508 −3.090366923 218030_at GIT1 3.177940805 −1.220974264 −3.880183936 218083_at PTGES2 1.483781835 −1.223265038 −1.815058442 211464_x_at CASP6 1.454702206 −1.224678433 −1.781542418 202573_at CSNK1G2 2.762614393 −1.224767981 −3.383561652 44669_at LOC644096 1.656956618 −1.224860385 −2.029540522 204740_at CNKSR1 2.049819185 −1.225398219 −2.511844779 209241_x_at MINK1 2.181112255 −1.225591964 −2.673153653 212052_s_at TBC1D9B 2.054280755 −1.225757181 −2.518049388 204442_x_at LTBP4 1.314052889 −1.228360651 −1.614130862 206687_s_at PTPN6 3.293768405 −1.230342941 −4.052464705 215604_x_at None 2.496723009 −1.231396458 −3.074455871 219843_at IPP 1.594814277 −1.231440151 −1.963918334 211289_x_at CDC2L2 1.745153052 −1.233479535 −2.152610574 210981_s_at GRK6 1.624494145 −1.237759696 −2.010733379 211780_x_at DCTN1 1.584535573 −1.238604348 −1.96261265 208137_x_at ZNF611 2.539921729 −1.239202758 −3.147478011 212080_at MLL 2.399373994 −1.239273475 −2.973480547 35436_at GOLGA2 1.372948941 −1.239393327 −1.701623756 215566_x_at LYPLA2 1.882444205 −1.240404636 −2.334992518 212726_at PHF2 1.55502855 −1.240414912 −1.928880602 35666_at SEMA3F 1.378370277 −1.241798043 −1.711657513 208774_at CSNK1D 3.641615005 −1.242886708 −4.526114885 214645_at None 1.450182998 −1.245366049 −1.80600867 212955_s_at POLR2I 2.247337496 −1.245633046 −2.799357851 220661_s_at ZNF692 1.835625953 −1.245920573 −2.287044138 214001_x_at RPS10 1.93594095 −1.249150123 −2.418280876 214723_x_at ANKRD36 1.591946617 −1.251119585 −1.99171559 214123_s_at C4orf10 1.500096235 −1.251575503 −1.8774837 219755_at CBX8 1.569304027 −1.251826564 −1.964496468 202178_at PRKCZ 1.523801512 −1.252032645 −1.907849238 201321_s_at SMARCC2 1.581130961 −1.252079273 −1.979701305 40850_at FKBP8 1.884172023 −1.252827949 −2.36054337 208297_s_at EVI5 2.012189555 −1.253593105 −2.522466951 202871_at TRAF4 1.911406741 −1.254630095 −2.398108422 202135_s_at ACTR1B 1.852328113 −1.255919091 −2.326374241 203288_at KIAA0355 1.636745726 −1.256134768 −2.055973213 213642_at None 1.608622419 −1.256597032 −2.021390157 220587_s_at GBL 1.79543275 −1.257362075 −2.257509048 214674_at USP19 1.368475596 −1.258287219 −1.721935352 212625_at STX10 3.255567361 −1.258790125 −4.098076044 203175_at RHOG 1.453745288 −1.259337569 −1.830756057 201640_x_at CLPTM1 1.350042842 −1.260684613 −1.701978237 64474_g_at TRMT2A 1.587682782 −1.262065351 −2.003759428 204512_at HIVEP1 2.960025373 −1.262688104 −3.737588826 203315_at NCK2 1.541450872 −1.265878271 −1.951289164 203942_s_at MARK2 2.482695674 −1.268268487 −3.148724687 201320_at SMARCC2 2.122864803 −1.268920503 −2.693746674 218389_s_at APH1A 1.606620221 −1.269127995 −2.039006699 203514_at MAP3K3 1.840342282 −1.269175589 −2.335717499 214740_at POLR2J2 1.370421379 −1.269571847 −1.739848401 40489_at ATN1 1.409814994 −1.271293432 −1.792288541 215628_x_at None 2.844932321 −1.271333362 −3.616857372 216804_s_at PDLIM5 2.183739022 −1.271640688 −2.776931394 214021_x_at ITGB5 1.423366806 −1.272934221 −1.811852316 211065_x_at PFKL 1.334272675 −1.273231939 −1.698838585 219906_at FLJ10213 1.573496227 −1.274050088 −2.004713007 52078_at TMEM222 1.458803457 −1.27499358 −1.859965042 218463_s_at MUS81 2.289075577 −1.27671794 −2.922503854 202549_at VAPB 1.310099005 −1.277877083 −1.674145495 213368_x_at PPFIA3 1.663843944 −1.281992895 −2.133036115 36084_at CUL7 1.407896866 −1.283447555 −1.806961791 205774_at F12 1.775996554 −1.283824772 −2.280068372 213758_at COX4I1 1.98000759 −1.284248251 −2.542821285 205025_at ZBTB48 1.427580391 −1.286190998 −1.836141049 215206_at None 1.502834579 −1.286282343 −1.933069585 213231_at DMWD 1.49518681 −1.287032384 −1.924353845 215032_at RREB1 3.351667755 −1.289008382 −4.32032783 204573_at CROT 2.042413549 −1.291202359 −2.637169193 217646_at SURF1 2.268271302 −1.29129328 −2.92900349 218038_at ATP5SL 1.305419949 −1.29212723 −1.686768663 212784_at CIC 1.612419599 −1.293900246 −2.086310117 204842_x_at PRKAR2A 1.907580435 −1.295908773 −2.472050222 212695_at CRY2 2.056963698 −1.295934279 −2.665689767 207390_s_at SMTN 2.189637276 −1.297092012 −2.84016102 214656_x_at MYO1C 1.829974232 −1.297227 −2.373891983 202463_s_at MBD3 1.896195327 −1.297894304 −2.461061115 211197_s_at ICOSLG 1.395069984 −1.298090911 −1.810927666 201793_x_at SMG7 1.909516067 −1.298178328 −2.478892375 203193_at ESRRA 1.398766598 −1.298790505 −1.816704775 214792_x_at VAMP2 2.937637696 −1.299143415 −3.816412669 211503_s_at RAB14 1.96631059 −1.299452687 −2.555127579 210443_x_at OGFR 1.570427873 −1.301397943 −2.043751603 217931_at CNPY3 1.950872216 −1.30165428 −2.53936117 219453_at KLHL36 1.4929559 −1.303330439 −1.945814869 206792_x_at PDE4C 2.372000326 −1.30487045 −3.095153131 201046_s_at RAD23A 4.336268245 −1.305001171 −5.65883514 214259_s_at AKR7A2 1.639386515 −1.306119451 −2.141234615 207643_s_at TNFRSF1A 1.781302553 −1.308002837 −2.329948794 219429_at FA2H 1.347970187 −1.308206283 −1.763423067 48659_at RP5-1077B9.4 2.612144457 −1.309765442 −3.421296539 41386_i_at JMJD3 1.869649474 −1.310821969 −2.450777605 50376_at ZNF444 1.873437637 −1.312007152 −2.457963579 32099_at SAFB2 1.547920221 −1.312262798 −2.03127812 212383_at ATP6V0A1 1.675807115 −1.312385359 −2.199304723 222282_at None 1.420314197 −1.312394316 −1.864012278 203719_at ERCC1 2.108238303 −1.315573908 −2.773543304 205731_s_at NCOA2 1.408102084 −1.316620481 −1.853936043 212146_at PLEKHM2 1.453614155 −1.317142058 −1.914616339 208871_at ATN1 4.941809817 −1.317372171 −6.510202729 214395_x_at EEF1D 1.378882817 −1.317792446 −1.817081359 202993_at ILVBL 1.328490164 −1.318318404 −1.751373032 219413_at ACBD4 1.889873017 −1.318454568 −2.491711713 33760_at PEX14 1.576265068 −1.319234067 −2.079462576 221495_s_at TCF25 1.459355373 −1.320507436 −1.927089622 219380_x_at POLH 2.474901977 −1.320869331 −3.269022119 210717_at None 1.445990446 −1.321632648 −1.911068183 208246_x_at None 2.863255541 −1.322279109 −3.786022985 35201_at HNRNPL 1.676173921 −1.322949286 −2.217493092 60528_at JMJD7 4.555471491 −1.323031502 −6.027032289 40149_at SH2B1 1.721307866 −1.324224881 −2.279398704 219392_x_at PRR11 1.993481885 −1.324766637 −2.640898292 210825_s_at PEBP1 1.917976558 −1.32660002 −2.544387739 202368_s_at TRAM2 1.365903344 −1.326628675 −1.812046543 216310_at TAOK1 2.012329162 −1.327301451 −2.670967417 221832_s_at LUZP1 2.148442686 −1.328498434 −2.854202744 203252_at CDK2AP2 2.140394663 −1.329173086 −2.844954979 208710_s_at AP3D1 2.668651574 −1.329913825 −3.549076621 220036_s_at LMBR1L 1.652504888 −1.330725678 −2.199030688 220081_x_at HSD17B7 2.004405326 −1.331573308 −2.66901263 200070_at C2orf24 1.881574424 −1.337892229 −2.517343799 217612_at TIMM50 1.439770265 −1.338205394 −1.926708335 202015_x_at METAP2 2.683310153 −1.339543616 −3.594410985 204927_at RASSF7 1.526363389 −1.339558305 −2.044652754 215620_at RREB1 1.318263501 −1.340449602 −1.767065785 209815_at PTCH1 1.805740716 −1.341353949 −2.42213744 221192_x_at MFSD11 1.932634628 −1.341549648 −2.592725305 208987_s_at FBXL11 2.6353182 −1.342400643 −3.537652847 218130_at C17orf62 1.820417075 −1.34705637 −2.452204417 212991_at FBXO9 1.323413694 −1.347295148 −1.783028848 218887_at MRPL2 2.089725866 −1.347935921 −2.816816561 206169_x_at ZC3H7B 1.960874804 −1.349809969 −2.646808358 215316_at None 1.413115635 −1.351444651 −1.909747566 217286_s_at NDRG3 1.922181878 −1.351650437 −2.598117976 211950_at UBR4 2.643280828 −1.352773632 −3.575760605 202182_at KAT2A 2.235150886 −1.3551021 −3.02885766 211730_s_at POLR2L 1.401234688 −1.355280556 −1.899066126 220973_s_at SHARPIN 1.5127852 −1.356175484 −2.051602201 204805_s_at H1FX 1.845881527 −1.356288324 −2.503547562 203994_s_at C21orf2 1.52932621 −1.360344454 −2.080410428 214486_x_at CFLAR 1.468930754 −1.360620318 −1.99865703 213350_at RPS11 3.372011718 −1.36341467 −4.597450243 217297_s_at MYO9B 1.972231807 −1.364343519 −2.690801684 201728_s_at KIAA0100 1.815101786 −1.364373892 −2.476477487 211316_x_at CFLAR 1.434638721 −1.365808653 −1.959441978 205964_at ZNF426 1.540681012 −1.36727429 −2.106533537 208369_s_at GCDH 1.387744999 −1.367788681 −1.898141902 210172_at SF1 2.193182238 −1.368072343 −3.000431963 209013_x_at TRIO 2.789806599 −1.369240863 −3.819917196 212759_s_at TCF7L2 1.913620764 −1.369782343 −2.621243934 215377_at CTBP2 1.992558434 −1.370094796 −2.72999394 212930_at ATP2B1 2.689723896 −1.371349242 −3.688550825 217117_x_at MUC3A 1.413483123 −1.372521575 −1.940036083 209703_x_at METTL7A 2.769250965 −1.373287554 −3.802977884 215137_at RP11-374F3.4 1.77731123 −1.373618892 −2.441348283 214241_at NDUFB8 1.597179679 −1.375076712 −2.196244582 216187_x_at None 2.797659118 −1.375679997 −3.848683686 203956_at MORC2 1.593137399 −1.375744493 −2.191750004 209370_s_at SH3BP2 1.72584838 −1.377321699 −2.377048424 215359_x_at ZNF44 1.606108005 −1.377884544 −2.213031396 215191_at None 1.884227212 −1.378285959 −2.597003909 219053_s_at VPS37C 2.431773534 −1.380008362 −3.355867811 204824_at ENDOG 1.654127601 −1.381282105 −2.284816855 212512_s_at CARM1 1.665968963 −1.383075997 −2.304161685 202072_at HNRNPL 1.534963713 −1.385379458 −2.126507197 201140_s_at RAB5C 2.16930321 −1.385430645 −3.005419145 221569_at AHI1 2.363904036 −1.385484112 −3.275151486 211474_s_at SERPINB6 1.551731967 −1.388173614 −2.154073371 218301_at RNPEPL1 1.669825719 −1.388281664 −2.318188429 205069_s_at ARHGAP26 1.350537214 −1.391035824 −1.878645647 214829_at AASS 1.588837299 −1.392395551 −2.212289987 217891_at C16orf58 1.799848854 −1.393684685 −2.508421783 221887_s_at DFNB31 1.363442952 −1.393950167 −1.900571531 220796_x_at SLC35E1 2.961754061 −1.394737114 −4.130868311 202339_at SYMPK 3.035144819 −1.396034353 −4.237166433 202081_at IER2 2.06841802 −1.398343366 −2.892358616 222006_at LETM1 1.821438821 −1.398792769 −2.547815453 201480_s_at SUPT5H 3.561120754 −1.402368171 −4.994002398 215887_at ZNF277 1.51447551 −1.402602246 −2.124206752 41160_at MBD3 2.349244379 −1.402742433 −3.295384776 215012_at ZNF451 1.410555236 −1.402827097 −1.978765107 212778_at PACS2 1.589579317 −1.404742061 −2.232948926 203388_at ARRB2 1.466573547 −1.405472375 −2.061228606 213394_at MAPKBP1 1.994640694 −1.406441132 −2.805344715 204921_at GAS8 2.628236274 −1.40871646 −3.7024397 215553_x_at None 2.964228371 −1.411071414 −4.18273792 218920_at FLJ10404 2.077043964 −1.411488846 −2.931724387 201082_s_at DCTN1 2.000944573 −1.417200043 −2.835738734 215735_s_at TSC2 1.526056544 −1.417731353 −2.163538209 218424_s_at STEAP3 1.786899641 −1.418813767 −2.535277812 221920_s_at SLC25A37 1.502421461 −1.419238253 −2.132294009 208751_at NAPA 1.922029426 −1.420163332 −2.729595713 204968_at C6orf47 1.926211836 −1.42151035 −2.738130061 212208_at MED13L 1.917089075 −1.422390593 −2.726849465 205353_s_at PEBP1 1.790975978 −1.422665736 −2.547960159 208874_x_at PPP2R4 1.629875493 −1.424059944 −2.321040404 218714_at PRR14 1.335508308 −1.424726962 −1.902734695 215764_x_at AP2A2 2.239647798 −1.424781875 −3.191009589 202739_s_at PHKB 2.225709536 −1.42525215 −3.172197301 203227_s_at TSPAN31 2.829043375 −1.426451626 −4.035493523 219040_at CORO7 3.70025503 −1.427084608 −5.280576999 219206_x_at TMBIM4 2.764749299 −1.428173875 −3.948542719 220934_s_at None 1.888256338 −1.432331796 −2.704609592 201591_s_at NISCH 2.096340562 −1.43291296 −3.00387356 216751_at None 1.818772413 −1.433305418 −2.606856353 222339_x_at None 1.327480095 −1.435052214 −1.905003249 216105_x_at PPP2R4 1.675751944 −1.435146436 −2.404949431 218665_at FZD4 1.360485653 −1.435755742 −1.953325089 221755_at EHBP1L1 1.4166785 −1.43608867 −2.034475942 206845_s_at RNF40 1.346966641 −1.436501176 −1.934919165 213388_at PDE4DIP 1.528524101 −1.436623633 −2.195913847 208610_s_at SRRM2 1.635356369 −1.437145686 −2.350245351 217844_at CTDSP1 2.36486364 −1.439874489 −3.405106825 203280_at SAFB2 1.560748237 −1.440311336 −2.247963379 202615_at GNAQ 1.791411361 −1.444881334 −2.588376837 217586_x_at None 2.34158559 −1.445416731 −3.384566988 203384_s_at GOLGA1 2.592192916 −1.445550797 −3.747146536 202802_at DHPS 1.471099128 −1.455617909 −2.141358237 207839_s_at C9orf127 1.416744497 −1.457163521 −2.0644284 209364_at BAD 1.54042107 −1.458211882 −2.246260308 206352_s_at PEX10 1.343818378 −1.459224913 −1.960933256 216472_at None 1.547332277 −1.459554955 −2.258416493 222131_x_at RHOT2 2.305066258 −1.460241742 −3.365953967 218180_s_at EPS8L2 1.5267374 −1.464715806 −2.236236402 205757_at ENTPD5 2.016840908 −1.467621807 −2.959959699 212401_s_at CDC2L2 2.286116295 −1.468220171 −3.356522057 218206_x_at SCAND1 1.882201185 −1.47081382 −2.768367515 207365_x_at USP34 2.180591337 −1.470951901 −3.207544973 211031_s_at CLIP2 1.897951806 −1.472126365 −2.794024893 45828_at ATP5SL 1.493856738 −1.473724161 −2.201532767 213885_at TRIM3 1.359029257 −1.474341514 −2.003673253 203297_s_at JARID2 2.135629723 −1.475236583 −3.150559095 219346_at LRFN3 1.509613525 −1.476737197 −2.229302445 203239_s_at CNOT3 3.570583605 −1.477953333 −5.277155939 213913_s_at TBC1D30 2.359528407 −1.478135701 −3.487703174 215587_x_at None 2.002973158 −1.478590557 −2.961577197 202321_at GGPS1 2.583569575 −1.479905074 −3.823437723 65884_at MAN1B1 1.452334518 −1.483557293 −2.154621467 55065_at MARK4 2.432015449 −1.483646951 −3.608252305 221888_at CC2D1A 2.732159385 −1.484585069 −4.05612303 47560_at LPHN1 1.48186614 −1.48627205 −2.202456226 214707_x_at ALMS1 3.070157006 −1.486712769 −4.564441623 39817_s_at C6orf108 1.582401447 −1.487406842 −2.353674739 213840_s_at MRPS12 1.602680448 −1.489606164 −2.387362674 203005_at LTBR 3.115464322 −1.492495071 −4.649815143 216338_s_at YIPF3 1.530253868 −1.494240878 −2.286567884 204067_at SUOX 3.027535576 −1.495343422 −4.527205408 202621_at IRF3 2.104436218 −1.495904961 −3.148036578 222238_s_at POLM 2.429285613 −1.500088596 −3.644143645 214782_at CTTN 1.664672447 −1.500990948 −2.498658274 205823_at RGS12 1.384976096 −1.501607481 −2.079690467 218679_s_at VPS28 1.322223623 −1.503646546 −1.988156984 201331_s_at STAT6 1.686291982 −1.507145461 −2.541487306 215147_at None 3.763077251 −1.508504014 −5.676617138 204828_at RAD9A 2.712547336 −1.508623735 −4.092213294 218262_at RMND5B 1.3397247 −1.508818911 −2.021401964 210647_x_at PLA2G6 1.543475106 −1.509488953 −2.329858623 200827_at PLOD1 1.807018447 −1.510765834 −2.72998173 218762_at ZNF574 2.188539208 −1.511876129 −3.308800187 203488_at LPHN1 1.79906729 −1.514588054 −2.724845826 222372_at None 1.834639014 −1.514902508 −2.779299244 218004_at BSDC1 2.26121302 −1.516387082 −3.428874213 210977_s_at HSF4 2.083390894 −1.518728251 −3.164104608 203655_at XRCC1 1.776911513 −1.519302332 −2.699665805 202492_at ATG9A 2.918582723 −1.520385404 −4.437370571 219541_at LIME1 1.951027458 −1.52091373 −2.967344448 213190_at COG7 2.741847737 −1.521616338 −4.172040312 210622_x_at CDK10 1.597016719 −1.524362977 −2.43443316 43977_at TMEM161A 1.471384218 −1.528100232 −2.248422565 210958_s_at MAST4 2.069342145 −1.529980137 −3.166052378 202913_at ARHGEF11 2.636492557 −1.531024978 −4.036535958 221496_s_at TOB2 1.947387302 −1.532608204 −2.984581754 202093_s_at PAF1 1.836502832 −1.534433597 −2.817991646 221855_at LOC644096 1.887448439 −1.539805395 −2.906303288 221250_s_at MXD3 1.614781822 −1.542317271 −2.490505892 218900_at CNNM4 1.406461751 −1.544524625 −2.172314809 202959_at MUT 2.076682009 −1.545927632 −3.2104001 210719_s_at HMG20B 2.537209784 −1.546934359 −3.924896992 214715_x_at ZNF160 3.083069146 −1.54760254 −4.771365642 213944_x_at GNA11 1.609528405 −1.548213336 −2.491893341 215754_at SCARB2 1.827687132 −1.549624475 −2.832228712 215605_at NCOA2 1.351722329 −1.551365288 −2.0970151 218874_s_at C6orf134 1.841940453 −1.553608204 −2.8616538 203668_at MAN2C1 1.725139795 −1.554641472 −2.68197387 34406_at PACS2 1.786815962 −1.557578741 −2.783106557 201556_s_at VAMP2 1.929080553 −1.559498715 −3.008398643 90610_at LRCH4 2.791040935 −1.562211935 −4.360197461 212332_at RBL2 1.791654961 −1.562605055 −2.799649099 211374_x_at None 2.232624944 −1.563037805 −3.489677191 210069_at CPT1B 1.480814645 −1.565148675 −2.31769508 221860_at HNRNPL 2.073741906 −1.565336706 −3.246104324 212155_at RNF187 1.599413161 −1.570282104 −2.511529864 217914_at TPCN1 1.547478243 −1.571239544 −2.431459009 203117_s_at PAN2 1.48085074 −1.573458435 −2.330057088 65770_at RHOT2 1.529513613 −1.574885602 −2.408808967 213681_at CYHR1 2.523908437 −1.576098787 −3.977929025 221754_s_at CORO1B 1.847280532 −1.580955087 −2.920467555 212207_at MED13L 2.896167426 −1.581195873 −4.579407981 221800_s_at C17orf70 2.132152521 −1.586745192 −3.38318276 47083_at C7orf26 2.048004027 −1.58813589 −3.252508698 212090_at GRINA 1.603021121 −1.588404337 −2.546245701 214779_s_at SGSM3 3.35267845 −1.588947694 −5.327230693 203837_at MAP3K5 1.719865693 −1.591168769 −2.736596578 202667_s_at SLC39A7 2.253552549 −1.592769517 −3.589389806 33814_at PAK4 1.799884909 −1.594309729 −2.869574023 213778_x_at ZNF276 2.244270535 −1.595641038 −3.581050165 205406_s_at SPA17 1.940940015 −1.597062846 −3.099803185 214679_x_at GNA11 1.543037715 −1.598688412 −2.466836514 210384_at PRMT2 2.417527177 −1.601317572 −3.871228749 207556_s_at DGKZ 1.348115106 −1.601956515 −2.159621777 220605_s_at SIRT2 1.789729509 −1.602004232 −2.867154247 219818_s_at GPATCH1 2.211039263 −1.603954884 −3.546407226 202648_at RPS19 1.712183054 −1.606463517 −2.750559611 218642_s_at CHCHD7 1.354511456 −1.606854854 −2.176503308 203452_at B3GAT3 1.457260967 −1.607786252 −2.342964149 217679_x_at None 3.07507401 −1.608544538 −4.946393503 32402_s_at SYMPK 4.996598388 −1.609849611 −8.04377197 221939_at CARM1 2.924939809 −1.610742296 −4.711324263 221176_x_at WBSCR23 3.456460128 −1.612775103 −5.574492839 213076_at ITPKC 2.128609667 −1.616678745 −3.441278004 219730_at MED18 1.875978567 −1.616766364 −3.033019047 214879_x_at USF2 2.681696112 −1.616776742 −4.335703904 206385_s_at ANK3 1.387578305 −1.617162472 −2.243939561 203014_x_at SGSM3 2.026310655 −1.617552135 −3.277663127 202785_at NDUFA7 1.519545403 −1.617631241 −2.458064116 209166_s_at MAN2B1 1.566306144 −1.617635697 −2.533712732 213072_at CYHR1 2.22775777 −1.618491149 −3.605606234 201247_at SREBF2 1.451401088 −1.619779498 −2.350949726 38269_at PRKD2 3.068219564 −1.624392051 −4.983991471 214326_x_at JUND 1.518758289 −1.627277813 −2.471441668 35179_at B3GAT3 1.932804739 −1.628697701 −3.147954636 203965_at USP20 1.662819451 −1.629097436 −2.708894904 219562_at RAB26 1.392132518 −1.631493652 −2.271255365 201473_at JUNB 1.475460638 −1.63186138 −2.407747233 212566_at MAP4 1.426349229 −1.633192768 −2.329503246 203249_at EZH1 1.301452365 −1.634061302 −2.126652945 212518_at PIP5K1C 1.780849207 −1.634960572 −2.911618237 218551_at RP5-1077B9.4 4.527257708 −1.636612642 −7.409367197 213311_s_at TCF25 2.393321467 −1.636796892 −3.917381139 204175_at ZNF593 1.476536653 −1.637666509 −2.418074626 61874_at C9orf7 3.079239657 −1.638228103 −5.044496942 209468_at LRP5 2.16513818 −1.643163682 −3.557676425 204985_s_at TRAPPC6A 1.786778235 −1.644179069 −2.937783375 220546_at MLL 1.589923989 −1.646442797 −2.617718899 221071_at None 1.519135536 −1.646885932 −2.501842944 210679_x_at None 3.058317028 −1.648361044 −5.041210651 222378_at None 1.777012791 −1.651606185 −2.934925315 201333_s_at ARHGEF12 1.46227928 −1.654720052 −2.419662847 221599_at C11orf67 1.622683437 −1.654773106 −2.68517291 218419_s_at TMUB2 2.073619002 −1.654857546 −3.431544054 203010_at STAT5A 1.310080833 −1.656049105 −2.16955819 221593_s_at RPL31 2.432281868 −1.657915319 −4.03251737 48106_at SLC48A1 1.333711686 −1.66078655 −2.215010429 201282_at OGDH 1.503905646 −1.661403125 −2.498593541 203379_at RPS6KA1 1.353985915 −1.664678774 −2.253951612 218131_s_at GATAD2A 1.58574991 −1.666123973 −2.64205594 209513_s_at HSDL2 1.774694715 −1.667019634 −2.958450933 40829_at WDTC1 2.720508179 −1.667339371 −4.536010396 212495_at JMJD2B 1.308227658 −1.66897395 −2.183397881 204978_at SFRS16 2.886561224 −1.67492115 −4.834762445 201621_at NBL1 1.44627046 −1.677913963 −2.426717399 217969_at C11orf2 1.452979201 −1.680192358 −2.44128455 213045_at MAST3 2.678898031 −1.681778967 −4.505314364 214246_x_at MINK1 2.356884722 −1.682239561 −3.96484472 201353_s_at BAZ2A 2.117118455 −1.68765662 −3.572968976 222332_at None 1.305872835 −1.692275518 −2.209896628 209675_s_at HNRNPUL1 2.10725452 −1.697887398 −3.577880894 213766_x_at GNA11 2.026100128 −1.69791629 −3.440148412 216067_at None 2.486837437 −1.699649171 −4.226751187 213204_at CUL9 2.605781472 −1.700377384 −4.430811884 217903_at STRN4 2.227871431 −1.700860587 −3.78929871 209367_at STXBP2 1.463551501 −1.702880749 −2.492253676 212032_s_at PTOV1 1.613586781 −1.707630081 −2.755409326 209002_s_at CALCOCO1 2.894256606 −1.709420733 −4.947502249 206580_s_at EFEMP2 2.819999251 −1.712859553 −4.830262657 205727_at TEP1 1.449885589 −1.713443454 −2.484296972 204398_s_at EML2 2.202556733 −1.715589337 −3.778682846 212303_x_at KHSRP 1.382218028 −1.716534413 −2.372624812 212772_s_at ABCA2 2.334900238 −1.718604485 −4.012770022 213705_at None 1.995659862 −1.719413682 −3.431364871 219742_at PRR7 2.080335259 −1.71998455 −3.578144504 217164_at None 1.757492686 −1.721420608 −3.025384127 206335_at GALNS 1.983984605 −1.723773062 −3.419939218 213147_at HOXA10 3.379927161 −1.730275836 −5.848206294 213244_at SCAMP4 2.615231786 −1.73344941 −4.533371996 221789_x_at RHOT2 1.577813449 −1.733839917 −2.735675941 214149_s_at ATP6V0E1 2.605176657 −1.740888325 −4.535321628 221831_at LUZP1 2.325935678 −1.742677634 −4.053356083 209820_s_at TBL3 1.554465127 −1.746695742 −2.715177619 221588_x_at ALDH6A1 2.169693336 −1.747579401 −3.791711381 218650_at DGCR8 2.398992778 −1.749926966 −4.198062152 219807_x_at RAB4B 1.956887266 −1.749948373 −3.424451687 212553_at RPRD2 3.102904376 −1.750110838 −5.430426579 200623_s_at CALM3 1.826847477 −1.751774916 −3.200225586 205130_at RAGE 1.366442438 −1.752060879 −2.39409034 209282_at PRKD2 3.652934574 −1.757397049 −6.41965644 204248_at GNA11 1.470590713 −1.759082773 −2.58689079 215148_s_at APBA3 2.154357706 −1.760972733 −3.793765177 218476_at POMT1 1.824915132 −1.762744833 −3.21685972 218555_at ANAPC2 1.51621462 −1.768695443 −2.681721889 215555_at None 1.43000785 −1.776781023 −2.540810811 209587_at PITX1 2.01193101 −1.778591016 −3.578402419 221044_s_at TRIM34 1.894374593 −1.778947843 −3.369993596 219154_at RHOF 1.329141408 −1.780014228 −2.365890616 214041_x_at RPL37A 2.942767433 −1.783879839 −5.249543494 202801_at PRKACA 2.548967397 −1.789107565 −4.560376853 204650_s_at APBB3 2.406480243 −1.789282111 −4.305872049 219233_s_at GSDMB 1.326678938 −1.792696642 −2.378332877 64486_at CORO1B 1.362294664 −1.794125054 −2.444126988 213502_x_at LOC91316 1.385426048 −1.795327991 −2.487294164 219223_at C9orf7 1.769167725 −1.795983845 −3.177396654 201314_at STK25 3.52863928 −1.796257491 −6.338344741 205182_s_at ZNF324 1.894748547 −1.796673483 −3.404244471 40016_g_at MAST4 2.486977449 −1.796855272 −4.46873854 218780_at HOOK2 2.38561357 −1.798324679 −4.290107759 221010_s_at SIRT5 1.778172562 −1.798690889 −3.198382787 219854_at ZNF14 1.50482631 −1.798787861 −2.706863299 205614_x_at MST1 1.456304185 −1.798937566 −2.619800307 204193_at CHKB 1.484624666 −1.801234537 −2.674157224 219919_s_at SSH3 1.553693581 −1.804980809 −2.804387097 37005_at NBL1 1.544365825 −1.805770806 −2.788770721 218466_at TBC1D17 2.040625583 −1.812632588 −3.698904431 91617_at TRMT2A 2.131795437 −1.813293508 −3.865570828 215390_at None 2.160553244 −1.81346346 −3.918084361 204611_s_at PPP2R5B 1.549049038 −1.816828052 −2.814355745 213616_at C18orf10 2.134004231 −1.817052934 −3.877598649 213485_s_at ABCC10 3.095723846 −1.825708568 −5.65188955 213771_at IRF2BP1 1.604736471 −1.830646984 −2.93770598 201673_s_at GYS1 1.463391239 −1.831145353 −2.679682068 219095_at JMJD7- 5.896601331 −1.832569907 −10.80593415 PLA2G4B 216109_at MED13L 1.887874731 −1.833882707 −3.462140821 203777_s_at RPS6KB2 2.269075121 −1.836017303 −4.166061183 219062_s_at ZCCHC2 3.378532814 −1.83839128 −6.211065264 218771_at PANK4 2.170614379 −1.840495598 −3.99500621 203149_at PVRL2 1.462292209 −1.841687014 −2.693084571 212064_x_at MAZ 3.01680862 −1.845199743 −5.566614489 201531_at ZFP36 1.847129985 −1.846971796 −3.411596987 203230_at DVL1 1.934794561 −1.847817937 −3.575148094 205372_at PLAG1 1.538177856 −1.851064241 −2.847266025 220015_at CASZ1 1.328123757 −1.853666202 −2.461898121 218857_s_at ASRGL1 1.558753979 −1.856866027 −2.894397308 203926_x_at ATP5D 1.411940375 −1.858634289 −2.624280796 218492_s_at THAP7 1.361570715 −1.859572914 −2.531940021 215376_at None 1.511033367 −1.86481488 −2.817797507 221560_at MARK4 2.25603853 −1.865806408 −4.209331147 204522_at DOM3Z 1.43548043 −1.87145628 −2.686438866 221587_s_at C19orf24 1.398929632 −1.87533903 −2.62346734 222234_s_at DBNDD1 1.877414029 −1.875759647 −3.521577476 209936_at RBM5 1.574767938 −1.875811527 −2.95396785 203568_s_at TRIM38 1.858355672 −1.876050086 −3.486368319 203752_s_at JUND 2.239439065 −1.876340232 −4.201949615 46142_at LMF1 1.478765067 −1.876967775 −2.775594378 215873_x_at ABCC10 2.377482817 −1.879122565 −4.46758161 221765_at UGCG 2.369805873 −1.880058677 −4.455374095 220312_at FAM83E 2.025311539 −1.880674136 −3.808951028 204804_at TRIM21 1.642510671 −1.882375277 −3.091821479 218910_at ANO10 1.693031374 −1.883296287 −3.188479701 221589_s_at ALDH6A1 1.865071664 −1.883716707 −3.513266653 201050_at PLD3 1.707611641 −1.884002236 −3.217144152 210771_at PPARA 1.62407904 −1.884268514 −3.060200999 564_at GNA11 1.464635065 −1.88542797 −2.761463919 218274_s_at ANKZF1 1.600190238 −1.886040841 −3.018024141 203469_s_at CDK10 3.062190507 −1.89219653 −5.79426625 203652_at MAP3K11 1.920249977 −1.894415069 −3.637750494 217991_x_at SSBP3 1.891299346 −1.900100457 −3.593658751 212448_at NEDD4L 1.459498901 −1.911205699 −2.789402618 202331_at BCKDHA 1.851316462 −1.911251362 −3.53833111 201206_s_at RRBP1 1.777827407 −1.912679622 −3.400414253 213178_s_at MAPK8IP3 2.807020873 −1.913523655 −5.371300839 204379_s_at FGFR3 1.346769082 −1.917085911 −2.581872032 213326_at VAMP1 1.490365103 −1.92337322 −2.866528328 1487_at ESRRA 1.563123088 −1.926953521 −3.012065538 38157_at DOM3Z 1.389619288 −1.941262893 −2.697616358 200884_at CKB 1.961783098 −1.941287723 −3.808385444 203419_at MLL4 3.268278097 −1.942351595 −6.348145175 213041_s_at ATP5D 1.396833494 −1.94527489 −2.717225122 203412_at LZTR1 2.000400539 −1.94555865 −3.891896571 202552_s_at CRIM1 1.517512813 −1.950332543 −2.959654624 35148_at TJP3 1.350014694 −1.954637249 −2.638789007 221734_at PRRC1 1.780184182 −1.955613317 −3.481351893 209453_at SLC9A1 1.992400207 −1.957937271 −3.900994624 222319_at None 2.886204241 −1.965627024 −5.673201053 215544_s_at UBOX5 1.440329009 −1.967289068 −2.833543515 218764_at PRKCH 1.701202991 −1.980533899 −3.369290192 218309_at CAMK2N1 2.118028254 −1.983375668 −4.200845704 57082_at LDLRAP1 1.714309801 −1.986566939 −3.405591175 202455_at HDAC5 2.692794147 −1.990138402 −5.359033041 204717_s_at SLC29A2 1.668804901 −1.991785255 −3.323900994 209850_s_at CDC42EP2 2.247969861 −2.001881517 −4.500169316 40562_at GNA11 2.079385851 −2.008414859 −4.17626944 219707_at CPNE7 2.305259847 −2.008527107 −4.630176891 91952_at LOC90379 2.034903447 −2.012311926 −4.094860474 220956_s_at EGLN2 1.992608393 −2.013235587 −4.011590128 218022_at VRK3 3.397463701 −2.013757784 −6.841668974 213296_at RER1 1.987671662 −2.014011213 −4.003193015 212492_s_at JMJD2B 2.119155307 −2.014496664 −4.269031295 221849_s_at LOC90379 3.66192102 −2.018209123 −7.390522408 206956_at PMF1 2.821626243 −2.023076611 −5.708366058 217548_at LOC100129502 1.317327938 −2.023091721 −2.665075245 205310_at FBXO46 1.978317605 −2.024921931 −4.005938705 37462_i_at SF3A2 1.649568688 −2.029496163 −3.347793322 65635_at None 1.373263426 −2.032644986 −2.791357018 218547_at DHDDS 2.403288809 −2.034323324 −4.889066479 203154_s_at PAK4 2.118122025 −2.04071623 −4.322485994 207498_s_at CYP2D6 1.494791709 −2.041704985 −3.051923683 222025_s_at OPLAH 1.452218223 −2.043154595 −2.967106335 207722_s_at BTBD2 2.288634231 −2.068008453 −4.732914937 32259_at EZH1 2.650196948 −2.06875483 −5.482607735 216101_at LOC440248 2.626252627 −2.075165344 −5.449908436 56256_at SIDT2 2.606973648 −2.08466365 −5.4346632 218548_x_at TEX264 1.858621314 −2.087787047 −3.880405504 222052_at C19orf54 2.280338389 −2.093316993 −4.773471099 221961_at CLCN7 1.364874905 −2.096410255 −2.861337747 205760_s_at OGG1 1.357675019 −2.097243025 −2.847374463 58994_at CC2D1A 2.961773606 −2.098107822 −6.214120371 208165_s_at PRSS16 2.01287509 −2.103883796 −4.234855285 221656_s_at ARHGEF10L 1.886046868 −2.108788622 −3.977274174 202253_s_at DNM2 1.957491474 −2.113043606 −4.136264843 210720_s_at NECAB3 2.038121153 −2.117442507 −4.315604363 212771_at FAM171A1 1.56089198 −2.118890474 −3.307359147 213792_s_at INSR 2.684805561 −2.131889468 −5.7237087 218944_at PYCRL 2.445592126 −2.132028402 −5.214071872 214250_at NUMA1 3.139460553 −2.132424627 −6.694662997 202700_s_at TMEM63A 1.532321829 −2.146179964 −3.288638407 218068_s_at ZNF672 2.492519907 −2.146374573 −5.349881353 202152_x_at USF2 4.328393574 −2.147087657 −9.293440416 212719_at PHLPP 2.033021723 −2.157232519 −4.385700573 55616_at PERLD1 1.659640792 −2.165741464 −3.594352878 78047_s_at MT1P3 1.920205998 −2.167613894 −4.1622652 221640_s_at LRDD 2.892444453 −2.175461647 −6.292401975 215066_at PTPRF 1.543368948 −2.175492304 −3.357587269 201204_s_at RRBP1 1.82704092 −2.179575511 −3.982173646 218913_s_at GMIP 1.363434298 −2.183458156 −2.977001737 210409_at C6orf124 1.421268292 −2.186348225 −3.107387408 213038_at RNF19B 1.542575931 −2.191729985 −3.380909922 208009_s_at ARHGEF16 1.836677894 −2.191909033 −4.025830867 213526_s_at LIN37 3.593649077 −2.212542611 −7.951101712 215591_at SATB2 1.701220379 −2.213938983 −3.766398116 202440_s_at ST5 1.345085406 −2.220440956 −2.986682724 210874_s_at NAT6 1.357114131 −2.22171267 −3.015117658 219341_at CLN8 1.495157025 −2.22282877 −3.323478052 204908_s_at BCL3 1.498246532 −2.224558786 −3.332937485 52940_at SIGIRR 1.873462135 −2.229992581 −4.177806662 204418_x_at GSTM2 1.804309984 −2.230898281 −4.025232041 220748_s_at ZNF580 1.684651431 −2.23631175 −3.76740579 203815_at GSTT1 1.493737089 −2.245821328 −3.354666612 203718_at PNPLA6 1.822324942 −2.250683321 −4.101476354 209381_x_at SF3A2 2.180343157 −2.267029615 −4.942902508 212873_at HMHA1 2.410168569 −2.26709846 −5.464089451 202551_s_at CRIM1 1.764419032 −2.288282725 −4.037489591 220638_s_at CBLC 1.721941354 −2.290018924 −3.943278287 40569_at MZF1 1.983436411 −2.295503433 −4.552985089 204506_at PPP3R1 2.497444922 −2.300568803 −5.745543873 218921_at SIGIRR 1.763854318 −2.301444911 −4.059413544 213435_at SATB2 1.434834722 −2.311028117 −3.315943385 203140_at BCL6 2.146265706 −2.31718774 −4.97330058 215314_at ANK3 3.15531488 −2.32480591 −7.335494679 213412_at TJP3 1.794375785 −2.326116762 −4.173927592 635_s_at PPP2R5B 1.592616057 −2.327268228 −3.70644475 213143_at C2orf72 1.893254749 −2.33171107 −4.414523057 210336_x_at MZF1 1.746761333 −2.338050338 −4.084015924 205289_at BMP2 2.242102576 −2.339404831 −5.245185597 221256_s_at HDHD3 1.404196865 −2.343415423 −3.29061659 221191_at STAG3L1 2.064698715 −2.358957038 −4.870535566 219513_s_at SH2D3A 1.301540055 −2.370360177 −3.085118714 218208_at PQLC1 1.954837135 −2.372838793 −4.638513389 215737_x_at USF2 3.40204127 −2.376785762 −8.08592325 219864_s_at RCAN3 1.353500609 −2.37780441 −3.218359717 203110_at PTK2B 2.325736975 −2.390046876 −5.558620393 203468_at CDK10 2.593828517 −2.395523449 −6.213577036 212346_s_at MXD4 3.908469171 −2.39773697 −9.371481027 36564_at RNF19B 1.424324951 −2.399672509 −3.417913428 219802_at PYROXD1 1.535393557 −2.429941422 −3.730916403 213820_s_at STARD5 1.357206768 −2.444302219 −3.317423515 206374_at DUSP8 1.568237928 −2.452565549 −3.846206314 219373_at DPM3 2.949390434 −2.455718628 −7.242873031 204139_x_at MZF1 1.786370291 −2.463040064 −4.399901597 202022_at ALDOC 1.415487323 −2.479993294 −3.51039907 207761_s_at METTL7A 1.754809173 −2.492950018 −4.37465156 43544_at MED16 1.526430994 −2.493275861 −3.805813552 218086_at NPDC1 1.54271921 −2.496470643 −3.851353218 202821_s_at LPP 2.993567954 −2.551946238 −7.639424477 213384_x_at PLCB3 2.704644578 −2.555041216 −6.910478371 218546_at C1orf115 1.537648287 −2.562912342 −3.940857772 206453_s_at NDRG2 1.50377893 −2.564843825 −3.856958104 216756_at None 2.302033948 −2.568166572 −5.912006633 209889_at SEC31B 1.39528962 −2.625485784 −3.663313061 209782_s_at DBP 2.754461758 −2.634516354 −7.256674548 203365_s_at MMP15 1.97614824 −2.63762731 −5.212342565 208094_s_at CCDC130 3.403826159 −2.657333313 −9.045100643 213651_at INPP5J 1.336094241 −2.665826322 −3.561795197 207291_at PRRG4 1.414964049 −2.667600532 −3.77455885 215606_s_at ERC1 3.965738868 −2.670345904 −10.58989454 202972_s_at None 1.56527109 −2.683109656 −4.199793975 222364_at SLC44A1 1.44058192 −2.696306777 −3.884250794 218901_at PLSCR4 2.814177119 −2.696343603 −7.587988474 206043_s_at ATP2C2 1.696449955 −2.700315584 −4.580950252 213931_at ID2 1.336439137 −2.707074381 −3.61784015 204241_at ACOX3 2.648369082 −2.712910216 −7.184787539 217047_s_at None 1.347839143 −2.722204968 −3.669094412 204301_at KBTBD11 1.851086467 −2.722358526 −5.039321026 214965_at SPATA2L 2.249900446 −2.732352081 −6.147520168 215659_at GSDMB 2.860997046 −2.737757857 −7.832717141 218552_at ECHDC2 1.718321014 −2.756029892 −4.735744079 207394_at ZNF137 2.061292159 −2.768679088 −5.707056494 205166_at CAPN5 1.475709723 −2.809963536 −4.146690512 220609_at LOC202181 1.400330211 −2.818470551 −3.946789462 49679_s_at MMP24 2.381557522 −2.852546783 −6.793504247 218789_s_at C11orf71 1.521622833 −2.857469782 −4.347991264 222109_at GNL3L 2.908716621 −2.883322556 −8.386768242 209588_at EPHB2 1.724482716 −3.012776237 −5.195480546 213686_at None 1.59221253 −3.044419158 −4.84736233 200649_at NUCB1 1.529376223 −3.049640824 −4.664048164 214797_s_at PCTK3 2.070512079 −3.076077317 −6.369055242 221953_s_at MT1P3 2.290601047 −3.114347528 −7.133727709 203722_at ALDH4A1 1.692046662 −3.181697726 −5.383581015 202973_x_at None 1.601036994 −3.301633772 −5.286037808 206539_s_at CYP4F12 1.310354945 −3.30570521 −4.331647167 204916_at RAMP1 1.970671227 −3.353876344 −6.609387609 220326_s_at FLJ10357 2.665093064 −3.402337814 −9.067546912 58780_s_at FLJ10357 2.361286421 −3.48697091 −8.233737062 204231_s_at FAAH 2.813440938 −3.501857127 −9.852268198 205059_s_at IDUA 2.708882688 −3.57711066 −9.689973139 216699_s_at KLK1 1.799056981 −3.642521745 −6.553104174 202158_s_at CUGBP2 2.35792462 −3.644372431 −8.593155481 202156_s_at CUGBP2 3.889750038 −3.653791668 −14.21233628 203474_at IQGAP2 2.788321364 −3.76088463 −10.48655496 204897_at PTGER4 1.534532785 −3.858789664 −5.921439249 209354_at TNFRSF14 3.020767152 −3.919820183 −11.84086405 202620_s_at PLOD2 1.523131358 −4.042656919 −6.157497523 202242_at TSPAN7 1.530337805 −4.097474087 −6.270519501 214719_at SLC46A3 1.451139677 −4.186483694 −6.075172595 203911_at RAP1GAP 2.292748105 −4.205652432 −9.642501642 211434_s_at CCRL2 1.324889224 −4.270815501 −5.658357435 204600_at EPHB3 1.784309897 −4.278768757 −7.634649441 204057_at IRF8 1.840219164 −4.387579036 −8.074107027 202619_s_at PLOD2 2.897827555 −4.456204937 −12.91331346 205259_at NR3C2 1.366758546 −4.463925271 −6.101108013 215028_at SEMA6A 1.363070202 −4.486472649 −6.115377178 205290_s_at BMP2 4.600624389 −4.709299373 −21.66571755 207202_s_at NR1I2 1.326178557 −5.16482967 −6.849486357 202157_s_at CUGBP2 3.826380835 −5.461321549 −20.89709611 207655_s_at BLNK 1.483299767 −5.521282843 −8.189717553 218625_at NRN1 1.792160656 −5.676573284 −10.1733313 212768_s_at OLFM4 1.535156652 −8.313186512 −12.76204357

Other Embodiments

It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A method of selecting an appropriate chemotherapy for a subject with cancer, comprising: providing a sample from the subject; determining a level of expression of one of more genes selected from the group consisting of TAK1 biomarkers listed in Table 1, or any subset or combination thereof; and selecting a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of TAK1 biomarker expression above, or at or above, a reference level, or selecting a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of TAK1 biomarker expression below a reference level. 2-4. (canceled)
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: determining a level of BMP7 expression in the sample; and selecting a chemotherapy comprising a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of BMP7 expression above, or at or above, a reference level, or selecting a chemotherapy lacking a TAK1 inhibitor for a subject who has a level of BMP7 expression below a reference level.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering the selected chemotherapy to the subject.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the TAK1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(1-piperidin-1-ylethyl)phenyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide, 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide, and 3-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-{[(2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or lung cancer.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises tumorous tissue, serum, plasma, whole blood, or urine.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of TAK1 biomarker expression is determined based on TAK1 biomarker protein levels.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of TAK1 biomarker expression is determined based on TAK1 biomarker mRNA levels.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human.
 13. The method of claim 1, comprising determining a level of expression of one of more genes selected from the group consisting of GGH, BMP7, BAMBI, MBOAT2, HSPA12A, FYN, NAV2, RGL1, SYK and RUNX1, optionally with one or both of INHBB and/or BMPR1A.
 14. The method of claim 1, comprising determining a level of expression of one, two, three, or all of BMP7, BAMBI, BMPR1A, and INHBB. 15-20. (canceled) 